The Impossibility of Assimilation without Annihilation
Second, he asks: “Is it possible for any nation to assimilate
in toto a culture created by another nation?”
Here he draws on the work of the French sociologist
Gabriel Tarde, who argued that all cultures are defined by “the uninterrupted emergence of new cultural assets” – legal codes, political structures, scientific ideas, artistic styles, etc. These cultural assets accrue by way of two sources –
invention, which is the product of the indigenous culture, and
propagation, which is imitation of other cultures. When newer cultural assets clash with older, more established cultural assets, there ensues an ideological
duel logique for supremacy.
This struggle goes more smoothly when the cultural asset is acquired through
invention, because it is a product of the indigenous culture and can therefore more easily reach a synthesis with older cultural values; whereas
propagation, stemming from a foreign culture, requires the forcible repression of contradictory elements of the indigenous culture. And even when
propagation is successful, the older cultural elements still remain embedded deep below in the collective spirit of that civilization, making complete assimilation with the foreign culture a quixotic endeavor.
Not that assimilation is impossible – but that would require a full-scale “anthropological merger”, much like how the Prussians merged into Germany, the Hyksos into Egypt or the Manchus into China, or indeed how a scattering of Slavic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic tribes merged into what would become a united Russia. But for all practical purposes, the answer to the second question is again in the negative – full assimilation into a foreign culture is impossible for a nation without its degradation into mere “ethnographic material”, i.e. loss of all prior forms of cultural identity.