I don't want to spam the page up with the screenshots so anyone interested should search for this document (it's a pdf) which sheds some extensive light. People don't want to see it and still think this is 2008. Science is a global enterprise but beyond value of knowledge for its own sake, improving humanity's quality of life and being instrumental to any advanced economy, it also unfortunately tends to have a highly consequential impact on future military applications and capabilities; if nothing else it's in the interests of national security to remain on the cutting edge.
Here's the Omnibus Breakdown.
Written in the bill itself:
"This strong investment in basic research reflects the Congress' growing concern that China and other competitors are outpacing the United States in terms of research spending, as noted in the 2018 Science and Engineering Indicators report of the National Science Board."
Here's what the Clown-In-Chief wanted... in orange.
AAAS deliberately trolling his ass with this graphic.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting science education and outreach for the betterment of all humanity. It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members, and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science.
I was going to suggest that we needn't throw countless billions more into the R&D pit just for the sake of it "because China", as that's neither very strategic nor an effective form of policy. What I'd like to see at the least is a restructuring of how funding is appropriated with an emphasis placed on areas we're either literally at risk of being surpassed in the near future such as long-standing dominant fields such as bio-chemistry, molecular biology and genetics to more recent and immeasurably consequential tech like renewable energy and quantum information systems.
As far as QIS is concerned, it's generally an area of the FFRDC's and in this case the Los Alamos National Laboratory (yeah, that one) carries out the majority of it including militarized applications. JPL - of NASA - also does research in this area. What can be parsed is that the Lab has been operating on a flat budget of ~$2 billion for a long time and quantum research isn't all they do. On the contrary, Xi is opening a state of the art $10 billion R&D center in 2020 dedicated solely to quantum info and China already has the biggest achievement in the field to date, a paper I've linked on here before.
