VBA and excel macro creation would be more comparable to scripting languages than traditional programming. But that in itself is a form of programming at the most basic level. You just don't have to worry about higher level concepts like data structures and stuff like that.
As far as your first two questions, it's definitely easier to learn than learning to be a developer in the traditional sense. Just understanding assignment, for loops, if-then else, and variables and you're pretty much ready for the things you're concerned about. If you had learned a traditional programming language first, going to what you mentioned is much easier than vice versa.