In 2004
Transparency International ranked Kazakhstan 122nd (tied with several other nations) in its listing of 146 countries by level of
corruption. Kazakhstan's total score out of 10, with 10 being the best, was 2.2 (any score under 3 indicated "rampant corruption").
[29] President Nazarbayev declared a holy war against corruption and ordered the adoption of "10 steps against corruption"
[30] to fight corruption at all levels of state and society. A few international NGOs have accused the Nazarbayev government of merely paying lip service to anti-corruption efforts. Despite becoming a chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in 2010, some civil activists inside and outside[
citation needed] the country stated that little was done to address human rights abuses and widespread corruption. The Nazarbayev family itself was embroiled in a series of investigations by Western governments into money laundering, bribery, and assassinations. Among these investigations was the so-called
Kazakhgate, as the result of which the US Department of Justice did not find the Nazarbayev family guilty and closed the case in August 2010.
[31]
A former minister in the Nazarbayev government, Zamanbek K. Nurkadilov, said that Nazarbayev should answer allegations that Kazakh officials had accepted millions of US dollars in
bribes from an intermediary for U.S. oil firms in the 1990s.
[32]
Nazarbayev has been called one of the "ultimate
oligarchs" of the post-Soviet central Asia states.
[33] He is believed to have transferred at least $1 billion worth of oil revenues to his private bank accounts in other countries and his family controls many other key enterprises in Kazakhstan.
[33]
