A parasocial relationship is a one-sided, often imagined, connection between an individual and a media figure (like a celebrity or fictional character). The individual develops a sense of intimacy and familiarity with the figure, despite the lack of reciprocity. These relationships are a common phenomenon, particularly in media-saturated cultures.
Key aspects of parasocial relationships:
- One-sided:
The individual invests emotional energy and interest, but the media figure is unaware of their existence.
- Imagined intimacy:
Despite not knowing the figure personally, the individual feels a sense of connection and closeness.
- Common in media:
Parasocial relationships are frequently formed with celebrities, television stars, and fictional characters.
- Can be beneficial or detrimental:
While they can offer feelings of connection and reduce loneliness, extreme parasocial relationships can also lead to negative psychological outcomes.
Examples of parasocial relationships:
- A fan feeling a strong connection to a favorite celebrity.
A viewer developing a sense of intimacy with a television character.
A reader feeling like they know a fictional character well.
Origin of the term:
The term "parasocial relationship" was coined in 1956 by sociologists
Donald Horton and
Richard Wohl to describe the "illusion of intimacy" that TV viewers developed with characters on the screen. They observed that the rise of television led to people developing strong emotional attachments to characters they had never met.