Americo-Liberians are an ethnic group in Liberia that trace their ancestry to free-born and formerly
enslaved African-Americans who immigrated to
Africa the 19th century to become
founders of Liberia a country that was created by
American Colonization Society from land that was colonized by the U.S. The society was created to allow the return of freed
African Americans from the recently abolished slave trade to what was considered greater freedom in
Africa.
Soon after colonization and immigrating the Americo-Liberians believing they were superior both culturally, ethnically, and religiously enslaved the indigenous population and tried to reeducate the them by forcing their beliefs and culture on them while enslaving them and forcing them to work on their newly created plantations modeled after the very same forms of slave labour practices that the U.S. practiced. This can be seen in the fact that Americo-Liberians converted most of the indigenous population into practicing Christianity and Liberia is now a Christian majority nation even though before that most of the population practiced traditional African religions. Owing to their belief of racial superiority Americo-Liberians rarely intermarried with the Indigenous population for fear that it would dilute their racial purity/superiority this is can seen in that majority of Liberia's presidents throughout Liberia's history when Americo-Liberians ruled the nation despite making up only a disproportionately small amount of the country's population were Mulattoes.
After enslaving the Indigenous population the Americo-Liberians dominated the nation politically, socially, economically and culturally this is true in the fact that for 133 years after independence, the Republic of Liberia was a one-party ruled nation by the Americo-Liberian dominated True Whig Party. Americo-Liberians have dominated Liberia's politic since its founding back in 1820 until Samuel Doe led a military coup in 1980. There is controversy on how Americo-Liberians held on to power for so long. Some attribute it to the fact that divisions were based on "light-skin vs. dark skin" particularly because the first president was a light skinned Mulatto. Although other observers attribute it to the Masonic Order of Liberia.[32] During the military coup most of the powerful Americo-Liberian families fled to America in the 1980s after President
William Tolbert was assassinated for fear of being assassinated themselves.
Due to the tyranny of their reign which eventually led to the infamous coup in 1980 to liberate/overthrow the country from Americo-Liberian rule and return the power to the Indigenous Liberians which constitute the majority of the nation's population. The effects of Americo-Liberian rule thereafter that resulted after the coup was that much of the indigenous population did not know how to decide who should be the ruler(s) of the nation due to the fact that much of the Indigenous population did not know how to rule a society due to the oppression dealt to them by Americo-Liberians for generations and that there was much political instability due ethnic tensions which led to the subsequent civil wars and the destruction of the country's economy leading Liberia to currently being the 3rd most impoverished nation in the world with about 85% of the society's population living below the international poverty line.