Study Confirms that US Introduced Dengue Fever in Cuba in 1981

[Poitier]

Study Confirms that US Introduced Dengue Fever in Cuba in 1981

Havana, Feb 1 (Prensa Latina) An epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever occurred in Cuba in 1981, which caused 158 deaths, including 101 children, was deliberately introduced in the country by the United States, confirms an investigation that reflected Cuban magazine Bohemia Monday.

The publication says on his website that the article "First Epidemic of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Americas, 1981 offers new knowledge about the causal agent and scientific evidence that corroborate the accusation made by Cuba.

Its main author, Doctor in Sciences Rosmari Rodríguez, researcher at the Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK), was awarded the Grand Award in the annual public health contest in 2015 by such an outcome.

Rodriguez noted that in the 1990s, IPK, along with similar institutions from other countries, carried out studies to characterize the causative strain of the 1981 DHF epidemic.

These investigations allowed to obtain the sequence of about 300 basic data pairs, of the almost 11,000 having the viral genome complete, with the use of methodologies for manual sequencing and bioinformatics very simple, available tools then.

This was sufficient to demonstrate that the causative strain of the epidemic in 1981 had great similarity with the the laboratory New Guinea C, isolated in 1944, first time that dengue fever was isolated in the world, he explained.

Cuban scientists sequenced the complete genome of viral strains collected at different stages of the epidemic, to demonstrate that it was not a laboratory contamination.

In 1983, Bohemia reminds, scientist Gustavo Kourí denounced this biological aggression against Cuba during a Congress of Tropical Medicine in Calgary, Canada.

The Cubans showed evidence in 1995 about the similarity of the circulating strain in 1981 in Cuba, with the first of dengue 2 isolated in the world, known as reference or prototype.

The IPK acquired in 2008 modern automatic sequencing technology, to return to the strains of 1981, preserved for more than 30 years in a refrigerator at - 80 � C, and make the entire process for the first time in Cuba.

Cuban researchers were able to amplify and sequence the full genome of the original strains obtained in different moments of the epidemic in 1981, using bioinformatic tools that allowed you to define with high certainty the genetic relatedness of the 81 Cuban strains with New Guinea C.

After analyzing the sequences of strains of different moments of the epidemic they noticed that, even though all were similar in New Guinea in 1944, there were differences between Cuban strains. That is, that the virus underwent changes during the epidemic period.

That fact rejects the hypothesis of contamination of laboratory, as if it were that all strains tested should have the same sequence.

Also, it supports the fact that the epidemic broke out at three points in the country at the same time the Cuban complaint: Eastern, Central, and West.

Dengue outbreaks are detected usually from an index case in a given area, around which new patients appear.

Then they expand to other territories with the movement of infected persons, and a gradual increase of patients reaching epidemic peaks, which largely depend on the density of mosquitoes is observed.

sgl/tac/Mgt/abm
Modificado el ( lunes, 01 de febrero de 2016 )

http://www.plenglish.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4569191&Itemid=1

 

[Entrapta310]

The CIA did it. watch all the skeletons of BUSH SENIOR get exposed

 

[Red Shield]

Not surprised...

 

[☑︎#VoteDemocrat]

This article doesn't suggest the US did it. Did I miss something?

 

[Aufheben]

"What undoubtedly was an even more sensitive venture was the use of chemical and biological weapons against Cuba by the United States. It is a remarkable record.

In August 1962, a British freighter under Soviet lease, having damaged its propeller on a reef, crept into the harbor at San Juan, Puerto Rico for repairs. It was bound for a Soviet port with 80,000 bags of Cuban sugar. The ship was put into dry dock and 14,135 sacks of sugar were unloaded to a warehouse to facilitate the repairs. While in the warehouse, the sugar was contaminated by CIA agents with a substance that was allegedly harmless but unpalatable. When President Kennedy learned of the operation he was furious because it had taken place in US territory and if discovered could provide the Soviet Union with a propaganda field-day and could set a terrible precedent for chemical sabotage in the cold war. He directed that the sugar not be returned to the Russians, although what explanation was given to them is not publicly known.{19} Similar undertakings were apparently not canceled. The CIA official who helped direct worldwide sabotage efforts, referred to above, later revealed that "There was lots of sugar being sent out from Cuba, and we were putting a lot of contaminants in it."{20}

The same year, a Canadian agricultural technician working as an adviser to the Cuban government was paid $5,000 by "an American military intelligence agent" to infect Cuban turkeys with a virus which would produce the fatal Newcastle disease. Subsequently, 8,000 turkeys died. The technician later claimed that although he had been to the farm where the turkeys had died, he had not actually administered the virus, but had instead pocketed the money, and that the turkeys had died from neglect and other causes unrelated to the virus. This may have been a self-serving statement. The Washington Post reported that

"According to U.S. intelligence reports, the Cubans -- and some Americans -- believe the turkeys died as the result of espionage."{21}

Authors Warren Hinckle and William Turner, citing a participant in the project, have reported in their book on Cuba that:

During 1969 and 1970, the CIA deployed futuristic weather modification technology to ravage Cuba's sugar crop and undermine the economy. Planes from the China Lake Naval Weapons Center in the California desert, where hi tech was developed, overflew the island, seeding rain clouds with crystals that precipitated torrential rains over non-agricultural areas and left the cane fields arid (the downpours caused killer flash floods in some areas).{22}

In 1971, also according to participants, the CIA turned over to Cuban exiles a virus which causes African swine fever. Six weeks later, an outbreak of the disease in Cuba forced the slaughter of 500,000 pigs to prevent a nationwide animal epidemic. The outbreak, the first ever in the Western hemisphere, was called the "most alarming event" of the year by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization.{23}

Ten years later, the target may well have been human beings, as an epidemic of dengue fever swept the Cuban island. Transmitted by blood-eating insects, usually mosquitos, the disease produces severe flu symptoms and incapacitating bone pain. Between May and October 1981, over 300,000 cases were reported in Cuba with 158 fatalities, 101 of which were children under 15.{24}

In 1956 and 1958, declassified documents have revealed, the US Army loosed swarms of specially bred mosquitos in Georgia and Florida to see whether disease-carrying insects could be weapons in a biological war. The mosquitos bred for the tests were of the Aedes Aegypti type, the precise carrier of dengue fever as well as other diseases.{25} In 1967 it was reported by Science magazine that at the US government center in Fort Detrick, Maryland, dengue fever was amongst those "diseases that are at least the objects of considerable research and that appear to be among those regarded as potential BW [biological warfare] agents."{26}

Then, in 1984, a Cuban exile on trial in New York testified that in the latter part of 1980 a ship travelled from Florida to Cuba with a mission to carry some germs to introduce them in Cuba to be used against the Soviets and against the Cuban economy, to begin what was called chemical war, which later on produced results that were not what we had expected, because we thought that it was going to be used against the Soviet forces, and it was used against our own people, and with that we did not agree.{27}

It's not clear from the testimony whether the Cuban man thought that the germs would somehow be able to confine their actions to only Russians, or whether he had been misled by the people behind the operation.

The full extent of American chemical and biological warfare against Cuba will never be known. Over the years, the Castro government has in fact blamed the United States for a number of other plagues which afflicted various animals and crops.{28} And in 1977, newly-released CIA documents disclosed that the Agency "maintained a clandestine anti-crop warfare research program targeted during the 1960s at a number of countries throughout the world."{29}

It came to pass that the United States felt the need to put some of its chemical and biological warfare (CBW)expertise into the hands of other nations. As of 1969, some 550 students, from 36 countries, had completed courses at the US Army's Chemical School at Fort McClellan, Alabama. The CBW instruction was provided to the students under the guise of "defense" against such weapons -- just as in Vietnam, as we have seen, torture was taught. As will be described in the chapter on Uruguay, the manufacture and use of bombs was taught under the cover of combating terrorist bombings.{30}

The ingenuity which went into the chemical and biological warfare against Cuba was apparent in some of the dozens of plans to assassinate or humiliate Fidel Castro." (continues)

America's Use Of BioChem Weapons Of Mass Destruction

 

[Red Shield]

"What undoubtedly was an even more sensitive venture was the use of chemical and biological weapons against Cuba by the United States. It is a remarkable record.

In August 1962, a British freighter under Soviet lease, having damaged its propeller on a reef, crept into the harbor at San Juan, Puerto Rico for repairs. It was bound for a Soviet port with 80,000 bags of Cuban sugar. The ship was put into dry dock and 14,135 sacks of sugar were unloaded to a warehouse to facilitate the repairs. While in the warehouse, the sugar was contaminated by CIA agents with a substance that was allegedly harmless but unpalatable. When President Kennedy learned of the operation he was furious because it had taken place in US territory and if discovered could provide the Soviet Union with a propaganda field-day and could set a terrible precedent for chemical sabotage in the cold war. He directed that the sugar not be returned to the Russians, although what explanation was given to them is not publicly known.{19} Similar undertakings were apparently not canceled. The CIA official who helped direct worldwide sabotage efforts, referred to above, later revealed that "There was lots of sugar being sent out from Cuba, and we were putting a lot of contaminants in it."{20}

The same year, a Canadian agricultural technician working as an adviser to the Cuban government was paid $5,000 by "an American military intelligence agent" to infect Cuban turkeys with a virus which would produce the fatal Newcastle disease. Subsequently, 8,000 turkeys died. The technician later claimed that although he had been to the farm where the turkeys had died, he had not actually administered the virus, but had instead pocketed the money, and that the turkeys had died from neglect and other causes unrelated to the virus. This may have been a self-serving statement. The Washington Post reported that

"According to U.S. intelligence reports, the Cubans -- and some Americans -- believe the turkeys died as the result of espionage."{21}

Authors Warren Hinckle and William Turner, citing a participant in the project, have reported in their book on Cuba that:

During 1969 and 1970, the CIA deployed futuristic weather modification technology to ravage Cuba's sugar crop and undermine the economy. Planes from the China Lake Naval Weapons Center in the California desert, where hi tech was developed, overflew the island, seeding rain clouds with crystals that precipitated torrential rains over non-agricultural areas and left the cane fields arid (the downpours caused killer flash floods in some areas).{22}

In 1971, also according to participants, the CIA turned over to Cuban exiles a virus which causes African swine fever. Six weeks later, an outbreak of the disease in Cuba forced the slaughter of 500,000 pigs to prevent a nationwide animal epidemic. The outbreak, the first ever in the Western hemisphere, was called the "most alarming event" of the year by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization.{23}

Ten years later, the target may well have been human beings, as an epidemic of dengue fever swept the Cuban island. Transmitted by blood-eating insects, usually mosquitos, the disease produces severe flu symptoms and incapacitating bone pain. Between May and October 1981, over 300,000 cases were reported in Cuba with 158 fatalities, 101 of which were children under 15.{24}

In 1956 and 1958, declassified documents have revealed, the US Army loosed swarms of specially bred mosquitos in Georgia and Florida to see whether disease-carrying insects could be weapons in a biological war. The mosquitos bred for the tests were of the Aedes Aegypti type, the precise carrier of dengue fever as well as other diseases.{25} In 1967 it was reported by Science magazine that at the US government center in Fort Detrick, Maryland, dengue fever was amongst those "diseases that are at least the objects of considerable research and that appear to be among those regarded as potential BW [biological warfare] agents."{26}

Then, in 1984, a Cuban exile on trial in New York testified that in the latter part of 1980 a ship travelled from Florida to Cuba with a mission to carry some germs to introduce them in Cuba to be used against the Soviets and against the Cuban economy, to begin what was called chemical war, which later on produced results that were not what we had expected, because we thought that it was going to be used against the Soviet forces, and it was used against our own people, and with that we did not agree.{27}

It's not clear from the testimony whether the Cuban man thought that the germs would somehow be able to confine their actions to only Russians, or whether he had been misled by the people behind the operation.

The full extent of American chemical and biological warfare against Cuba will never be known. Over the years, the Castro government has in fact blamed the United States for a number of other plagues which afflicted various animals and crops.{28} And in 1977, newly-released CIA documents disclosed that the Agency "maintained a clandestine anti-crop warfare research program targeted during the 1960s at a number of countries throughout the world."{29}

It came to pass that the United States felt the need to put some of its chemical and biological warfare (CBW)expertise into the hands of other nations. As of 1969, some 550 students, from 36 countries, had completed courses at the US Army's Chemical School at Fort McClellan, Alabama. The CBW instruction was provided to the students under the guise of "defense" against such weapons -- just as in Vietnam, as we have seen, torture was taught. As will be described in the chapter on Uruguay, the manufacture and use of bombs was taught under the cover of combating terrorist bombings.{30}

The ingenuity which went into the chemical and biological warfare against Cuba was apparent in some of the dozens of plans to assassinate or humiliate Fidel Castro." (continues)

America's Use Of BioChem Weapons Of Mass Destruction

didn't the usa do that same pig shyt to Haiti back in the 90s