In the years following World War II, suburbs sprouted up across the United States, giving millions of Americans the ability to own a home. Levittown, in particular, became synonymous with the suburban dream, attracting young families looking for affordable property with modern comforts.
The Levitts, a Jewish family with roots in Russia and Austria, built the first of these towns on Long Island between 1947 and 1951. The second was built north of Philadelphia in the early ’50s. With their appliance-stocked homes, public pools and playgrounds, the Levitts proved adept at tapping into the suburban zeitgeist. But William Levitt (whose father, Abraham, founded the company, and whose brother, Alfred, was the firm’s architect) excluded blacks from living in his family’s developments, arguing that potential white home buyers would find racially mixed areas undesirable.
During the summer of 1957, this whites-only policy was challenged when a leftist Jewish family, the Wechslers, secretly helped an African-American family buy a house in Levittown, Pa. After Bill and Daisy Myers and their two children moved into Levittown, racial tensions erupted.
In his new book, “Levittown: Two Families, One Tyc00n, and the Fight for Civil Rights in America’s Legendary Suburb,” David Kushner vividly depicts how that battle raged and was ultimately resolved in the courts. Kushner, who grew up outside Tampa, Fla., says he “always has had a soft spot for suburbs,” and is particularly intrigued by their dark underside.
In “Levittown,” he tells a story that pitted Jew vs. Jew—William Levitt’s myopic and ultimately unsuccessful business strategy against the Wechslers’ refusal to tolerate segregation.