First question: No, they do not.
Reason: Recombination.
Before an egg precursor cell splits a full set of paired DNA (diploid) into two egg cells with one set of DNA (haploid), the complementary DNA are somewhat randomly cut up and chunks swapped between them. Since this happens separately for each cell before it splits, each egg has a different mix of DNA in the chromosomes.The same thing happens when sperm are created in the male. So your mother got one set of DNA from her mother, and the other from her father. But when the egg is split into a haploid cell, any given chromosome consists of a mix of DNA from the chromosomes she received from her mother and her father. So you cannot say that, say, a chromosome that you received from your mother, came from your grandmother. Instead, it will be a mix of DNA from both your grandmother and your grandfather, due to recombination. The only chromosome for which this is not true are the X andY from the father, in which case a couple's daughters share an X from the father, and the sons share the Y from the father. No other chromosomes are untouched by recombination. Second question: It depends. Number of chromosomes, or total amount of DNA. Because each egg cell has 23 chromosomes, and each sperm cell has 23 chromosomes, each sibling will have an equal number of chromosomes from each parent. However, the Y chromosome is substantially smaller than the X chromosome, so technically girls have have more DNA from their father than boys do. There are the somewhat rare cases of a boy inheriting two Y chromosomes from the father. Sadly, this seems to have a strong correlation with males serving prison time for violent crimes. Other mutations/mistakes involving multiple chromosomes don't seem to survive to birth.
it's clearly more complicated than "basic bio"