East Coast Hip-Hop
Illmatic was critical in "restoring interest" in East Coast hip hop, particularly New York's hip hop scene.
Illmatic has been noted as one of the most influential hip hop albums of all time, with pundits describing it as an
archetypal East Coast hip hop album.
[3][90] Jeff Weiss of
Pitchfork writes: "No album better reflected the sound and style of New York, 94. The alembic of soul jazz samples, SP-1200s, broken nose breaks, and raw rap distilled the
Henny, no chaser ideal of
boom bap."
[20] Citing
Illmatic as part of a string of notable albums released in 1994, David Drake of
Stylus Magazine writes "This was the critical point for the East Coast, a time when rappers from the New York area were releasing bucketloads of thrilling work".
[101] John Bush of Allmusic compares
Illmatic to another DJ Premier production,
The Sun Rises in the East (1994), as "one of the quintessential East Coast records".
[13] Along with the critical acclaim of the
Wu-Tang Clan's debut album
Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) (1993) and the success of
The Notorious B.I.G.'s debut
Ready to Die (1994),
Illmatic was also instrumental in restoring interest in the East Coast hip hop scene. "Rarely has the birthplace of hip-hop," wrote Rob Marriott of
Complex, "been so unanimous in praise of a rap record and the MC who made it."
[51] As Nas later recounted: "It felt amazing to be accepted by New York City in that way...at the time a lot of
West Coast hip-hop was selling; East Coast wasn't selling as much, especially for a new artist. So back then you couldn't tell in the sales, but you could tell in the streets".
[102]
Lyricism
Illmatic has been noted by music writers for Nas's unique style of
delivery and lyrical &
poetic substance.
[24] His lyrics contain layered
rhythms, multi-syllabic
compounded rhymes,
internal half rhymes,
assonance, and ear-bending
enjambment.
[26] Music critic Marc Lamont Hill of
PopMatters elaborates on Nas's lyricism and
delivery throughout the album, stating "Nas' complex
rhyme patterns, clever
word play, and impressive vocab took the art [of
rapping] to previously unprecedented heights. Building on the pioneering work of
Kool G Rap,
Big Daddy Kane, and
Rakim, tracks like 'Halftime' and the laid back 'One Time 4 Your Mind' demonstrated a [high] level of technical precision and rhetorical dexterity."
[32] Hill cites "Memory Lane (Sittin' in da Park)" as "an exemplar of flawless lyricism",
[32] while critic Steve Juon wrote that the lyrics of the album closer, "It Ain't Hard to Tell", are "just as quotable if not more-so than anything else on the LP – what album could end on a higher note than this?":
[28]
Focusing on poetic forms found in his lyrics,
Princeton University professor Imani Perry describes Nas's performance as that of a "poet-musician" indebted to the conventions of
jazz poetry. She suggests that Nas's lyricism might have been shaped by the "black art poetry album genre," pioneered by
Gil Scott-Heron,
The Last Poets, and
Nikki Giovanni.
[27] Chicago-based poet and music critic Kevin Coval attributes Nas's lyricism to his unique approach to rapping, which he describes as a "fresh-out-the-rhyme-book presentation": "It's as if Nas, the poet, reporter, brings his notebook into the studio, hears the beat, and weaves his portraits on top with ill precision."
[26] Coval also comments on the rapper's
vignettes of inner-city life, which are depicted using elaborate rhyme structures: "All the words, faces and bodies of an abandoned post-industrial, urban
dystopia are framed in Nas's tightly packed
stanzas. These portraits of his brain and community in handcuffs are beautiful, brutal and extremely complex, and they lend themselves to the complex and brillantly compounded rhyme schemes he employs."
[26]
In 2002,
Prefix Mag's Matthew Gasteier re-examined
Illmatic and its musical significance, stating:
Illmatic is the best hip-hop record ever made. Not because it has ten great tracks with perfect beats and flawless rhymes, but because it encompasses everything great about hip-hop that makes the genre worthy of its place in music history. Stylistically, if every other hip-hop record were destroyed, the entire genre could be reconstructed from this one album. But in spirit,
Illmatic can just as easily be compared to
Ready to Die,
It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, and
Enter the Wu-Tang as it can to
Rites of Spring,
A Hard Day's Night,
Innervisions, and
Never Mind the Bollocks. In
Illmatic, you find the meaning not just of hip-hop, but of music itself: the struggle of youth to retain its freedom, which is ultimately the struggle of man to retain his own essence.
[41]
West Coast Hip-Hop
The critical acclaim surrounding the album also helped to shift attention away from the melodious,
synth-driven, and
funk-induced
G-funk subgenre, which dominated the charts for some time after
Dr. Dre's
The Chronic (1992).
[108] Citing the example of
Snoop Dogg's wildly popular
Doggystyle (released six months prior to Nas' debut) author Matthew Gasteier writes, "The first thing immediately noticeable about the [Source magazine] review, is that, like essentially every other review about
Illmatic in publications like
Vibe,
Spin,
Rolling Stones, and
The New York Times, it mentions Snoop Doggy Dogg's
Doggystyle in the first paragraph."
[80] That nearly every reviewer felt the need to contextualize their response to
Illmatic within the frame of West Coast G-Funk "is a reminder of just how pervasive the style was within the hip hop world and the music community as a whole."
[80]
Yet according to writer Mickey Hess,
Illmatic was among those East Coast records that helped "create sparse, rough and rugged soundscapes that clearly differed from Dre's multi-layered melodies."
[109] As
Allmusic's Steve Huey writes, "It helped spearhead the
artistic renaissance of New York hip hop in the post-
Chronic era, leading a return to street aesthetics."
[62] Contrasting these aesthetics with the themes found in G-Funk, writer and filmmaker
Dream Hampton writes, "
Illmatic was a dirty bomb thrown at the orchestral sonic soundtrack that was
The Chronic... This wasn’t a backyard bikini barbeque where the
Ohio Players and
DJ Quik were mashed up; this was a three-month bid on
Rikers Island, a dirty dice game, blunts of brown Brooklyn sparked in the park after dark."
[110]
Despite these regional differences, Hampton credits
Illmatic with providing a common artistic ground for rappers on the West Coast and East Coast rap scenes. In the 2009 essay "Born Alone, Die Alone," she recounts the album's impact on West Coast artist,
Tupac Shakur.
[110] While working as a journalist for
The Source in 1994, Hampton covered three court cases involving Tupac. Around this time, she received an advance-copy of
Illmatic and immediately dubbed a cassette version for Tupac, who became "an instant convert" of the album. The next day, she writes, Tupac "arrived in his assigned courtroom blasting
Illmatic so loudly that the
bailiff yelled at him to turn it off before the judge took his seat on the bench." In her essay, Hampton implies that Nas' lyricism might have influenced Tupac's acclaimed album,
Me Against the World, which was recorded that same year.
[110]
West Coast artist
The Game also recounts the impact of
Illmatic for fans like himself outside of New York. In his collaboration with Nas on "
Hustlers" (2006), he retells an episode taking place during his youth, where he decided to
shoplift both
Illmatic and
The Chronic: "1995, eleven years from the day/I'm in the record shop with choices to make
Illmatic on the top shelf,
The Chronic on the left, homie/Wanna cop both but only got a twenty on me/So fukk it, I stole both, spent the twenty on a dub-sack/Ripped the package of
Illmatic and bumped that/For my nikkas it was too complex when Nas rhymed/I was the only
Compton nikka with a
New York State of Mind"