Tuskegee syphilis experiment - Wikipedia
The
Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, also known as the
Tuskegee Syphilis Study or
Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (
/tʌsˈkiːɡiː/ tus-KEE-ghee)
[1] was an infamous
clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the
U.S. Public Health Service. The purpose of this study was to observe the natural progression of untreated
syphilis in rural African-American men in Alabama under the guise of receiving free health care from the United States government.
[1]
The Public Health Service started working on this study in 1932, in collaboration with
Tuskegee University, a
historically black college in Alabama. Investigators enrolled in the study a total of 600 impoverished, African American
sharecroppers from
Macon County,
Alabama. Of these men, 399 had previously contracted syphilis before the study began, and 201
[2] did not have the disease. The men were given free medical care, meals, and free burial insurance for participating in the study. After funding for treatment was lost, the study was continued without informing the men they would never be treated. None of the men infected were ever told they had the disease, and none were treated with
penicillin even after the antibiotic was proven to successfully treat syphilis. According to the
Centers for Disease Control, the men were told they were being treated for "bad blood", a local term for various illnesses that include syphilis, anemia, and fatigue.
Reports of
forced sterilization of Native American women began to surface in the 1970s.
[1][2] Of the 100,000 to 150,000 Native American women of childbearing age, 3,400 to 70,000 of these women were involuntarily sterilized through
tubal ligation or
hysterectomy.
[3] They were not given a choice to refuse or accept to undergo the sterilization procedure. Many were manipulated into thinking that they would risk losing their welfare aid or even their lives should they refuse to undergo a sterilization procedure. However, the procedure was most often done under the pretense of a check up or abortion, and most of the victims didn't know they were sterilized until years afterwards.
The sterilizations had an appreciable effect on the fertility rates of Native American women. In the 1970s, the average
birth rate of Native American women was 3.79 children, but by 1980 the birth rate had fallen to 1.8 children.
[4]