R
eggaeton began organically as a transformation of dancehall, hip-hop, and reggae en español. As an Afro-diasporic movement, Panama, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and New York are all pivotal landscapes in the style’s musical evolution. Through Tu Pum Pum: The Story of Reggaeton, a new column by Eddie Cepeda, we’ll explore reggaeton’s history, sociopolitical struggles, and its impact as a global force in music and culture.
In 1904, the U.S. took over the fledgling Panama Canal project the French had recently abandoned. Over
100,000 West Indian immigrants brought the project to fruition. This mass Antillean migration changed the cultural fabric of Panama forever. Even though they were the lifeblood of the project, the workers faced rampant discrimination and systemic segregation. And while many of their children were born in the Canal Zone, raised with U.S. customs, and spoke English, they were explicitly
denied U.S. citizenship, while the Panamanian government made the naturalization process onerous and rare. It wasn’t until the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties saw the U.S. give the Canal Zone back to Panama that a full integration with Latin American culture took place on the isthmus. It was then, on the Diablo Rojo buses of Panama City, that a dancehall-derived sound took shape and began to spread across the country and beyond, making Panama the hotly contested birthplace of reggaeton.
“El reggaetón es panameño, y no porque yo digo, ¡sino porque es así!” revered salsero Rubén Blades
once proclaimed. This surely ruffled some feathers, as many have long argued that the maze to reggaeton’s inception leads to Puerto Rico. Many Panamanians – and reggaeton experts – dispute that, contending their country is the native mother of the genre.