So aside from long term holds, how else will you get any dividends from the companies?
Look for companies that pay dividends. They tend to be bigger, more established companies with large market shares. GM, IBM, Coke, Walmart, etc. They pay quarterly, so you'll get paid 4 times a year for as long as you hold the stock.
Be aware that tax on dividends is higher than tax on capital gains.
If you're just starting, I strongly recommend mutual funds. Folks much smarter than us group stocks according to type... large, medium, small, value, growth, foreign (emerging & developed), so each fund is already diversified. I'd also recommend diversifying further by buying several types of funds, split according to your goals.
Buying individual stocks, if done right, takes a good amount of research. And you would want to diversify by mirroring what I suggested with mutual funds. Buy some stock(s) from each group, split based on your goals.
I recommend 2 books. The Bogleheads' Guide to Investing by Larimore, Lindauer & LeBoeuf and The Four Pillars of Investing: Lessons for Building a Winning Portfolio by Bernstein. And a couple of economics books won't hurt. They tend to be slanted, liberal or conservative, so try one of each.