
In Manhattan, where street traffic tends to stall, only one subway runs the length of the East Side. Every weekday, 1.3 million passengers — more than are carried in 24 hours by the transit systems of Boston, Chicago and San Francisco combined — cram onto the Lexington Avenue line. Yet the chaos above and below has inspired afeat: about 475 laborers are now removing 15 million cubic feet of rock and 6 million cubic feet of soil — more than half an Empire State Building by volume — out from under two miles of metropolis. In December 2016, that tunnel will make its debut as a portion of the Second Avenue subway
The massive tunnel-boring, rock-eating mechanical worms may do the heavy lifting, but there is still no way to mine a tunnel without sending men into it. The Timesrecently went underground with these men, capturing their work on film and in photos. Testing the stability of the ground is crucial, and under 92nd Street, the crew encountered soil and crumbling rock, which, if they simply settled the ground and dug right through, it would collapse the buildings above. Instead, they had to freeze the earth by pumping a constant stream of minus-13 degrees calcium-chloride brine into the ground for 10 weeks. Only then could they cut the tunnel.


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A few blocks away is the East Side Access Project, the tunnel extending the LIRR to Grand Central station was not due to be completed until 2023 at a cost of $10.8 billion, a decade later and $6.5 billion more than anticipated. The project is indeed moving forward, and doing so on a scale so massive that it's almost too large for a picture to capture. The photos, on the Grand Central Terminal side of the project, show what will become a new subterranean station for the LIRR. Eighteen stories below street level, these photos of the cavernous excavations taking place below our very feet are certainly humbling. His photographs are somber and eerie, perhaps a reflection of the very subterranean scenes. This herculean task is "the nation's largest single infrastructure project to date"

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