I did my first oral report as a child on Apollo 11. I based it off this news article that showed how they reached the moon. It showed this large space shuttle that shot off from earth, barely enough to escape the earth's gravity. So they let it circle the earth one full time, like a satellite. I guess that was the stratosphere. Then they shot off the second huge piece, knocking the shuttle higher into I guess the thermosphere.The shuttle circled the earth one final time before shooting off the final piece, pulling the shuttle towards the moon, allowing the moons gravity to pull it the rest of the way in. By the time it reached the moon, it would be only one small shuttle. That's when I learned the shuttle didn't fly directly to the moon, but it fell on the moon after it escaped all of earth's gravity. But I never understood how it made it back to the earth, unless they did the same process.
Now I hear people saying nothing gets pass the stratosphere. This isn't my field, so I'm not sure what to believe. But that theory I illustrated in my first oral report as a child, made sense to me.