There was also Bleeding Kansas.
Proslavery forces said every settler had the right to bring his own property, including slaves, into the territory. Antislavery "free soil" forces said the rich slaveowners would buy up all the good farmland and work them with black slaves, leaving little or no opportunity for non-slaveowners.
So zero court cases, wars, legislation, laws, etc..... were ever about treating africans trapped in America like human beings. It's all about what cac love the most.. power and money.