Fed vs Treasury (or how the US handles the money supply)

Secure Da Bag

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For anyone wondering,
Does the Federal Reserve or U.S. Treasury Print Money?

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How the Fed "Prints Money"
To understand how the Fed “prints money,” remember that most of the money in use today is not cash. It's credit that's added to banks' deposits. It’s similar to the kind of credit you receive when your employer deposits your paycheck directly into your bank account. When people say the Federal Reserve "prints money," they mean it's adding credit to its member banks' deposits.

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The Fed Can "Unprint Money," Too
To reduce the amount of capital in the money supply, the Fed raises the fed funds rate. When that happens, banks have less money to lend. They've got to pay each other more to keep fed funds in the overnight account to fulfill the Fed's reserve requirement.

Raising the fed funds rate causes all interest rates to increase. That makes it more expensive to borrow for business expansion, automobiles, and homes. It slows economic growth, drying up the demand that drives inflation.

The Fed can also reverse the effects of quantitative easing. It does this by selling Treasurys and mortgage-backed securities to its banks. People worry that the banks won't buy these securities, but they don't have a choice. The Fed removes dollars from the banks' balance sheets and replaces them with these securities.

What happens to the dollars? They vanish. In other words, they go back into thin air where the Fed got them in the first place.

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How the Treasury Prints Money
The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) designs and manufactures U.S. currency and securities. Its goal is to prevent counterfeiting. The design also conveys dignity, the power of the U.S. economy, and familiar markings that distinguish it as American currency.

The BEP does this with distinct designs, paper, and ink. In 2003, it added subtle background colors to improve security. Unlike most paper, U.S. currencies are made of 75% cotton. For $5 notes and above, security threads and watermarks are woven into the paper. The front of the bill uses a color-shifting ink, and the $100 bill has a 3D security ribbon.

After a final inspection, the BEP sends completed currency to the nation's central bank, the Federal Reserve.


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the cac mamba

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i hope i dont live to see the day when this fake, made-up monetary system collapses. the US dollar is probably the most evil thing ever created :scusthov:
 

Secure Da Bag

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i hope i dont live to see the day when this fake, made-up monetary system collapses. the US dollar is probably the most evil thing ever created :scusthov:

So you're wishing for all economies to fail? Because just about every other country's economy is setup the same.
 

Secure Da Bag

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Futuristic Eskimo said:
Misleading headline regarding $6trn. The vast majority of the transactions were overnight repurchase trades that were repeated on a daily basis. These trades were all fully collateralized with treasury bonds of which the banks have been forced to buy due to the deficit ballooning this past year.

Secure Da Bag said:
I'm rolling with you. But can you explain that in a way that a non financial-economic guy like me can understand? Or point me to a link that explains it?

Futuristic Eskimo said:
Sure. So why this is happening is the banks, due to living will and liquidity regulations put in place after the crisis, have to hold a ton of cash reserves at the Fed in excess of the legal reserve requirements. Without getting into the mechanics of it, the Fed has been shrinking it’s bond portfolio over the last couple years which drains these reserves from the banking system. Banks have also been forced to buy the large amounts of treasury debt issued this year which also serves to decrease their cash reserves as banks that are primary dealers of treasury debt have to use their cash reserves to buy at auction. Since the deficit has been huge this year and the Fed shrunk its portfolio significantly, there was a shortage of reserves a couple months ago which caused a panic in the repurchase agreement market. In this market, banks that have cash reserves in excess of their regulatory and legal requirements lend the cash out through overnight trades with other banks, hedge funds, etc. This money is used to fund stock, bond, derivative portfolios.

Since there was a worry that banks didn’t have money to lend in this market, markets could’ve crashed, especially during year end period in December when these trades are particularly important. What the Fed did is to lend money to banks to create new cash reserves through mostly overnight trades so that the banks had money to lend back out to the market. To do this, the Fed creates money and lends it and takes back treasury debt from the banks as collateral so the trade has no risk. Money is created and lent back out through the banks basically. Once these trades stop, the money will cease to exist so it is not like the banks were handed free cash. The Fed actual makes a profit on these transactions that is rebated back to the US Treasury so there is a net benefit to taxpayers.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-...d-has-a-repo-problem-whats-that-idUSKBN1W30EJ
Explainer: The Fed has a repo problem. What's that?
 
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