Lost Slave Ancestors Found
Tracing Your Roots: Researchers followed the trail of a unique surname. Here’s how you can do the same.
BY:
HENRY LOUIS GATES JR. AND KRISTIN BRITANIK, NEHGS RESEARCHER
Posted: Nov. 29 2013 12:30 AM
The best first step is to trace your ancestors as far back as possible using census records. Finding them in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census will be especially useful, if possible, because you can determine approximately where they were living and what surname they used just after the abolition of slavery. As mentioned in previous columns, finding records of enslaved ancestors before emancipation can be a challenge, because they were rarely listed by name. Our advice for
consulting slave schedules in the 1850 and 1860 census enumerations might help in your search, however.
In our experience tracing the ancestry of the guests in Finding Your Roots, almost all of the African-American ancestors took the surnames of their owners during slavery.
The reason that it is crucial to find your ancestor in the 1870 Census is that it opens the possibility of finding the name of the person who owned them, simply by looking at the 1860 Slave Schedule for a slave owner with that surname, then searching through their estate records for the name of your black ancestor. And this is what we did in this instance!
Your next step is to research the use of your family name in the city or county where your ancestors lived before and after emancipation to see if there were known slaveholders or large plantations associated with the name. There are many ways you can research the use of the family name in a particular geographic region. For example, you may just start with typing the family name and geographic region into an Internet search engine, or you may want to contact the local historical society or library to see if they have any files or information on the family name.
Another source of information can be historic newspapers, which would often feature articles and advertisements on the plantation owners in the South. Of course, among the best sources showing slave-owning families in a specific region are the
1850 and
1860 federal slave schedules already mentioned above. On the subscription site
Ancestry.com, you can search these collections using just the surname, county and state to give you a general idea of where your family’s name may have originated.
Friendly Tips
1.)People with the Surname Freedman/Freemen or any variation, Try looking up the Muskogee Creek Dawes or Choctaw Dawes. They owned slaves and when slaves became free they took the surname freedman/freeman.
2.) Indian(East India) slaves were shipped to America's as well. Only a small number though.
http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/East_Indians.htm
3.) Correspond with your families origin in the South then connect with Major slave ports and centers. For example if you family is from East Texas you might want to look for Information in Virginia if you're stuck. If you're family is from the Eastern part of South Carolina you might want to check information from or around Charleston's and its port. If they are from the Western part of South Carolina you might want to direct your attention to Virginia and Salisbury, NC.