MalcolmX (
/ˈmælkəm ˈɛks/; May19, 1925 – February21, 1965), born
Malcolm Little and also known as
el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz[A] (
Arabic: الحاجّ مالك الشباز), was an American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching
racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.
MalcolmX was effectively orphaned early in life. His father was killed when he was six and his mother was placed in a mental hospital when he was thirteen, after which he lived in a series of
foster homes