There were a few slaves in Texas while it was a Spanish province, but slavery did not really become an institution of significance in the region until the arrival of AngloβAmerican settlers. The original
empresario commission given
Moses Austin by Spanish authorities in 1821 did not mention slaves, but when
Stephen F. Austin was recognized as heir to his father's contract later that year, it was agreed that settlers could receive eighty acres of land for each enslaved person they brought to the colony. The motivation for bringing slaves to Texas was primarily economic β using their labor to grow cotton, which was by 1820 the most valuable commodity in the Atlantic world. To Anglo-American slave owners slavery was a practical necessity in Texas β the only way to grow cotton profitably on its vast areas of fertile land. Stephen F. Austin made this clear in 1824: βThe principal product that will elevate us from poverty is cotton,β he wrote, βand we cannot do this without the help of slaves.β (
see BLACKS IN COLONIAL SPANISH TEXAS and ANGLO-AMERICAN COLONIZATION)