What is disorganized attachment?
Disorganized attachment is the most extreme
insecure attachment style, therapist
Chamin Ajjan, M.S., LCSW, A-CBT, tells mbg. People with a disorganized attachment style have a strong desire for intimate connections but also put up walls to protect themselves from getting hurt. This attachment style is characterized by fear, mistrust, and inner conflict.
"It is displayed in adults through poor coping skills, a lack of coping strategies, erratic behavior, and difficulty dealing with issues in relationships and in real-life problems," Ajjan says. "Those with disorganized attachment can be unpredictable and volatile in relationships."
The term "disorganized attachment" is typically used to describe the attachment style in children; it's also known as
fearful-avoidant attachment in adults. Disorganized or fearful-avoidant attachment is a combination of the
anxious attachment style and
avoidant attachment style, wherein a person has both high anxiety and high avoidance in relationships.
Signs of disorganized attachment:
- Chaotic, unpredictable, or intense relationship patterns and behaviors
- Extreme fear of rejection, coupled with difficulty connecting to and trusting others
- Extreme need for closeness, coupled with the tendency to avoid closeness and push others away
- Aggressive behavior toward caregivers or partners
- Fear of caregivers or partners
- Negative self-image and low self-worth
- Deep-rooted shame
- Depression and/or anxiety
- Feeling unlovable, inadequate, or unworthy
Disorganized attachment versus avoidant attachment.
Disorganized attachment involves both high anxiety and high avoidance; it's essentially a blend of both the avoidant attachment style and the anxious attachment style.
"The difference between disorganized attachment and avoidant attachment is that the latter style evades intimacy and dismisses it," says licensed clinical psychologist
Ayanna Abrams, Psy.D. "They don't reach for others and don't receive when people reach in toward them."
People with disorganized attachment, on the other hand, crave connection and seek out relationships. Once they have a relationship, however, they tend to reject or push away the other person out of fear.