So the real answer of course is that "it's just a movie, and neither Russel Crowe nor Supermans-Dad can be taking L's like that".
But lets look deeper....
In the first scene in which he fights, Jor-El uses his robot thing to create a diversion that allows him to get an upper-hand on the body guards.
Second time, we see him put on some legit looking armor. Maybe he had some expensive custom shyt made, while Zod and his homies were in some standard shyt....
Of course, it didn't end up matter, because he didn't "beat" Zod anyways...Zod eventually gave him that work.
You could ask the same about Kal-El, dude never been in a fight in his entire life, yet was going toe to toe with a dude that was supposedly bred to be a warrior.
Naw, Superman was a whole completely different thing altogether.
Kal-El was sun soaking for his entire life and well adapted to the atmosphere.
Jor-El straight up tells Zod that Supes is twice the man he is.
The question should probably be "How was Zod able to hang with Superman?", in which the answer would be that Zod trained his entire life to be a warrior, and that was the first time Supes ever fought.