Here's another screenshot where Jokic has dominant position and Westbrook hasn't even begun to break into a passing motion -
The only play here is for Westbrook to throw it upwards, towards the rim, allowing Jokic to maneuver himself to drop it off the glass, but not only does he throw the ball away from the rim, he throws it completely out of Jokic’s catch radius. If he made the right pass, it would've resulted in an easy 2 or a shooting foul. Caruso can't spin away from that position before Jokic gets to the ball first, as he's already caught under Jokic and he's only got one foot planted, so he can't even jump to contest (let alone get anywhere near the ball against a player who's considerably taller and has a bigger wingspan).
The main reason why Westbrook threw the ball so far in the other direction was because Shai was there (as you've pointed out), but that could've easily been negated by lobbing the ball to Jokic. He just didn't think it through in the moment, which was one of many bad decisions he made all throughout that game.
And here's the thing - Jokic isn't your typical big, where you need to make sure the ball is right in his catching pocket, you can literally just throw the ball in his direction, in any manner and he'll make it work. He's not Deandre Ayton. Which makes it even worse that Westbrook fukked that up.
But he wasn't alone in that.
The whole damn team failed to give him the ball when he established good position.
But that's on Denver at the end of the day for 1. not signing/drafting the right players and 2. not having a proper system. They went into the postseason with an interim coach who's really only gameplan was 'let Jokic figure it out', failing to realize that required everyone else to be on the same wavelength as him, in real time.