Evidence for this connection between motivation and optimism or pessimism was found in a new study by Abigail Hazlett and colleagues (
Hazlett et al., 2011), published in Social Cognition.
In two initial studies optimists were found to have a promotion focus. In other words they preferred to think about how they could advance and grow. Pessimists, meanwhile, were more preoccupied with security and safety.
This suggested a connection with motivation, but we need a true experiment for stronger evidence. So, in their third study they had participants trying to solve anagrams. However they were split into two groups. While doing the anagrams half were encouraged to think optimistic thoughts and half pessimistic thoughts.
The researchers also measured participants natural tendencies towards either optimism or pessimism. This meant that some people would be using their preferred strategy and others would be forced to think against the grain.
What the results showed was that
pessimists performed better when thinking in negative ways. At the same time optimists were more engaged with their task when they were thinking positive thoughts.
It also turned out that peoples performance depended on how persistent they were at trying to crack the anagrams. It seems that when the optimists were using their preferred positive thinking strategy, they were more persistent. And the same went for the pessimists, who were most successful when thinking negative thoughts.
Different strokes
Whats emerging, from studies like this, is that
both optimism and pessimism have important roles to play in peoples lives.
Being optimistic allows people to pursue their goals in a positive way: to dream a bigger and better dream, which they can work their way towards. Optimists also seem to respond better to positive feedback, and part of being optimistic may be generating this feedback for themselves, i.e. thinking positive thoughts.
On the other hand
being pessimistic may help people reduce their natural anxiety and to perform better. Also, pessimists seem to respond better to negative feedback. They like to hear what the problems were, so they can correct them. Again, part of why pessimists generate these sorts of negative thoughts is that it helps them perform better.
So its different strokes for different folks. Optimism and pessimism arent just accidents; this evidence suggests they are two different, but effective, strategies of coping with a complex and unpredictable world.