Islam's miracles, or likely divine interventionism, are evident from the macro-view of how it rose and spread and how societies evolved and interlocked thereon. It strengthened the trade routes between Asia, Europe, the Horn of Africa and North Africa, and added West Africa, Central Africa and the Swahili Coast to it.
Islam is the first major religion to not frown on commerce but to actively encourage it and global trade. Merchants and missionaries introduced it across the Old World and then local merchants, lords and monarchs adopted it. People of all social classes did. Outside of West Asia and North Africa which were conquered from the Persian and Byzantine empires, it was local tribes and polities adopting Islam and spreading it in most other regions.
Hajj itself changed mankind and the world forever. It leads to a large number of people from all over the world to make pilgrimage in Mecca, a common point of convergence. Within half a year to a year, any information from one part of the Muslim world can make its way to the furthest corner of the Muslim world. Technology and goods can exchange that way too. Inner Eurasia, the Philippines, West and Sahelian Africa began economically and technologically developing fast because they became part of a new network. Malcolm X's stance on integration and separation evolved because he saw that people from different races all interacted and engaged in the same ritual in the same place and can get to know each other. He thought if every person's community participated in Hajj, then most people wouldn't be racist.
Christianity and other major religions quickly became associated with sedentist tribes, civilizations, ethnic groups and lifestyles. Islam was appealing to nomadic, semi-nomadic and seafaring peoples along with sedentists. This led it to spread like wildfire. Most of the problems plaguing the Muslim World today is because of the sedentist-bias that has arisen especially from colonial and post-colonial borders, Arab puppet regimes, so-called Salafism, and education systems that refuse to teach Muslim history even in Muslim countries because it's a threat to them.
There are many factors of Islamic practice that forced Muslim societies to be more into math, algebra, geometry, geography and astronomy. Because Islam has multiple prayer times across the day and they're based on the position of the sun, because the precise days of holidays are determined by sighting of the moon, and because Muslims pray towards a common Qiblah (direction) which is Mecca, the Muslims of the Middle Ages had to be experts and innovators in knowing direction, time and math. Every geographic area has its own unique set of numbers and directions to figure out. Sunni Islam shunning paintings of living beings and especially human beings encouraged Islamic buildings to be adorn with geometric patterns. All this stuff breeds a culture, schools and universities around it and leads to wealthy patrons or the state to provide funding for scientists, mathematicians, inventors and philosophers. Many were into biology and made big breakthroughs in medicine and surgery.
For the reasons above, Muslims came to dominate the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean Trade. Everywhere those routes used to exist, Muslims either live in or used to live in (before being genocided in recent centuries). You'll also notice that the clothing that peoples from the Horn of Africa, Southern Arabia, South Asia and Southeast Asia wear are similar. Most of those regions plus Central Asia and the Swahili Coast also share a lot of common cuisine. It's all because of cultural exchange from trade. Two of the oldest standing mosques in the world are in Southern India and Southern China. Most of the other oldest-standing mosques are in the Horn of Africa.
What Muslims are seen as being in prison today in many countries, back in the day Muslims were that when it came to being a merchant or seaman except Muslims ran most of it. Islam spread to all corners whereas other religions before it had only spread to one corner. Christianity mainly spread west, Buddhism mainly spread northeast, Hinduism spread southeast. Zoroastrianism stayed in its corner, Manichaeism spread east, Roman Mithraism spread west. Greco-Roman-Egyptian pantheon of deities stayed in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions. Islam didn't preach or condone casteism or tribalism like other religions did and all racial backgrounds took to it.
China was never a naval power before the modern day except for one time in history and that was in the early Ming dynasty during the life of naval commander Zheng He who was a Hui Muslim. After he died the Ming dynasty destroyed all his ships. The Han Chinese mindset was always that they're the center of the world (one of the interpretations of "Middle Kingdom") and others must come to them for trade, so the Chinese generally didn't travel abroad as merchants unless they were Muslim. China exported their goods to the world, it imported religions from other lands like Buddhism, Islam and Christianity, but their own religions, languages and alphabet never spread beyond East Asia. Most of the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia migrated the British colonial period between the 1800–1900s. Many speculate Mali Emperor Mansa Musa's predecessor was the first outsider to "discover" America, and some speculate Zheng He was the first, but both were Muslim.
Where does the Prophet Muhammad fit in all this?
For Islam to spread to all corners, it had to arise at the crossroads which was the Near East. If it had started in East, Southeast or North Asia, then it wouldn't have spread to West and Central Africa or vice versa. If it was founded in Western and Northern Europe, it wouldn't have spread to the Far East or vice versa.
On top of that, Islam had to arise at the right time and at the right place, which was the Arabian Peninsula, for the Muslims to be able to surprise, overwhelm and defeat the Persian and Byzantine empires. If Islam started inside those empires, it would not be able to able to do it as swiftly and cleanly. The two rival empires and their buffer states were tired of continuous war. When the Muslims had begun conquering the Levant from the Byzantines, many of the Christians there acquiesced or collaborated with the Muslims. The only continued resistance was from pockets of Iranic peoples and even some of those groups had syncretized Islam with Zoroastrianism.
If Islam had arisen in areas immediately outside of Persian and Byzantine territories and their spheres of influence, it wouldn't have worked perfectly because "barbarians" from those directions were already raiding and warring with the two empires, having little success against the Persians or Parthians and mixed success against the Romans or Byzantines. By arising at the right time and place, it faced the least amount of resistance from conquering the most territory in the least time and with the least manpower lost on all sides.
Before the second and third caliphs, Omar and Osman, could conquer West Asia and North Africa from the two empires, the first caliph Abu Bakr had to conquer all of the Arabian Peninsula. There were rival religions formed by people who also claimed to be Prophets during the same time period, as well as early Muslim communities who would not recognize Abu Bakr as their leader after Muhammad died.
This rabbit hole can go deeper and deeper. Everything around Muhammad's life and the immediate before and after it was set into motion by God to happen. It's too many coincidences. Some detractors try to use examples against Muhammad from their own, contemporary moral frameworks to say he's not the Messenger of God but their examples further prove that he was. If your requirements are only feasible because of the Industrial Revolution, then it cannot be divinely revealed from God.
The above and more examples and principles are meant to be guiding beacons in matters of governance, intellectualism and moral decisions. Not heeding them is why the Muslim World faced technological decline, colonization and genocide, and continues to face it. The fall of Islam in Iberia, Sicily, and the southern half of what's now Russia and Ukraine are rabbit holes in themselves, because they directly led to European colonialism, the largest violent genocides of history, communism, fascism, and modern hedonism. The fall of Al-Andalus in the 1400s set the stage for Portugal and then Spain to launch maritime expeditions.
