As the pop music market exploded in the late 1950s successive dance fads were commercialized and exploited. From the 1950s to the 1970s new dance fads appeared almost every week. Many were popularized (or commercialized) versions of new styles or steps created by African-American dancers who frequented the clubs and discothèques in major U.S. cities like New York, Philadelphia and Detroit. Among these were the
Madison, "
The Swim", the "
Mashed Potato", "
The Twist", "
The Frug" (pronounced 'froog'), "
The Watusi", "
The Shake" and "
The Hitchhike". Following the
Foxtrot, '60s dance crazes had animal names, including "
The Pony", "
The Dog" and "
The Chicken" (not to be confused with the later
Chicken Dance).