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For most of its history,
Qatar practiced
slavery until its abolition in 1952. Many members of the
Afro-Arabian minority are descendants of the former slaves.
Omani route
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edit]
See also:
Indian Ocean slave trade
During the
Omani Empire (1692–1856), Oman was a center of the
Zanzibar slave trade. Slaves were trafficked from the
Swahili coast of East Africa via Zanzibar to Oman. From Oman, the slaves were exported to the rest of the
Arabian Peninsula and
Persia, including the
Trucial States,
Qatar,
Bahrain and
Kuwait. Oman's optimal location between the
Arabian Sea and the Gulf region positioned it as a key player in the Zanzibar slave trade. Serving as a pivotal navigation point, Oman gained significant importance in the history of the Arabian Gulf region. The economic impact of the slave trade persisted, becoming a substantial factor in shaping Oman's economy in the post-slave trade era.
[3]
The Omani slave trade from Africa started to shrink in the late 19th century.
Hajj route
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See also:
Red Sea slave trade
A second route of slave trade existed, with people from both Africa and East Asia, who were smuggled to
Jeddah in the Arabian Peninsula in connection to the
Muslim pilgrimage,
Hajj, to
Mecca and
Medina. Victims were tricked to perform the journey willingly in the belief that they were going on the Hajj pilgrimage, or employed as servants, and then sold upon arrival. These slaves were then exported from the
Hejaz to Oman, the Trucial States, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait.
Baluchi route
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In the 1940s, a third slave trade route was noted, in which
Balochis from
Balochistan were shipped across the Persian Gulf, many of whom had sold themselves or their children to escape poverty.
[4] In 1943, it was reported that Baloch girls were shipped via Oman and the Trucial States to Mecca, where they were popular as concubines (sex slaves), since Caucasian girls were no longer available, and were sold for $350–450.
[5]