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Smoking on a Cac Pack
These people make the Nazis look like amateurs.
James Marion Sims (January 25, 1813 – November 13, 1883) was an American physician and a pioneer in the field of surgery, known as the "father of modern gynecology".[3] His most significant work was the development of a surgical technique for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula, a severe complication of obstructed childbirth.[4] He is also remembered for inventing Sims' speculum, Sims' sigmoid catheter, and the Sims' position. However, "one would be hard pressed to find a more controversial figure in the history of medicine."[5]
Sims perfected his surgical techniques by operating without anesthesia on enslavedblack women.[3][5] In the 20th century, this was condemned as an improper use of human experimental subjects and Sims was described as "a prime example of progress in the medical profession made at the expense of a vulnerable population".[3]
In addition, a common belief at the time was that black people did not feel as much pain as white people.[22] One patient, named Lucy, nearly died from sepsis. He had operated on her without anesthetics in the presence of twelve doctors, following the experimental use of a sponge to wipe urine from the bladder during the procedure.[17] She contracted sepsis because he left this sponge in her urethra and bladder.
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