Please do not compare Mandela's resistance with Gandhi racism against black people and segregation.
I'm sure you think you know something that Mandela and virtually every other Black independence leader didn't know?
Gandhi was educated by the British so he was racist as a young man. But he learned better, admitted he had been wrong, and was non-racist and was a massive promoter of Black rights and African rights for the last 40 years of his life.
Gandhi was personal friends with a great number of prominent Black freedom fighters of the time and an inspiration to virtually every Black independence hero in Africa.
Gandhi provided a neat formula for mutual understanding. He declared that if Indian rights conflicted with African “vital interests”, he would “advise the forgoing of those rights” (Harijan, July 1, 1939, CW, Vol 69, p. 377).
Gandhi wrote an article entitled “To Every Briton”. In it he asked every Briton “to support me in my appeal to the British at this very hour to retire from every Asiatic and African possession
Working among Indians in South Africa, Gandhi was aware of the wider African implications of his work, many of which had become visible before he left Africa in 1914.
Visiting England in 1931 he was to make it clear of those South African races who “are ground down under exploitation” that: “Our deliverance must mean their deliverance. But, if that cannot come about, I should have no interest in a partnership with Britain, even if it were of benefit to India.” (Young India, November 19, 1931, CW, Vol 48, p. 261).
More than two decades after the rebellion Gandhi was to recall to Rev. S S Tema, a member of the African National Congress: “I witnessed some of the horrors that were perpetrated on the Zulus during the Zulu Rebellion. Because one man, Bambatta, their chief, had refused to pay his tax, the whole race was made to suffer. I was in charge of an ambulance corps. I shall never forget the lacerated backs of Zulus who had received stripes and were brought to us for nursing because no white nurse was prepared to look after them. And yet those who perpetrated all those cruelties called themselves Christians. They were ‘educated’, better dressed than the Zulus, but not their moral superiors.” (January 1, 1939, CW, Vol 68, pp 273-274).
From The African Element in Gandhi, there is much more:
In South Africa Gandhiji evolved and matured from an upper class Indian professional to a political mass leader of Indians cutting across classes in their struggle against racial discrimination. In tandem with this evolution, he also came to envision, by the time of his Johannesburg speech on May 18, 1908, a multi-racial polity and society in South Africa. Gandhiji’s role as a pathfinder in relation to African struggles was combined with an emphasis on non-violence.
Although there were variations of technique and method over time and space, the “name of Gandhi has had repercussions” across Africa.... That Gandhiji’s philosophy and half-a-century long nonviolent and mass-based struggles against racial discrimination in South Africa and against colonial rule in India acted as an inspiration in South Africa and elsewhere in Africa is indicated also by the history of the collapse of colonial rule in various countries in Africa after India attained freedom. African leaders like Nelson Mandela, Kwame Nkrumah, Albert Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, Julius Nyerere, Kenneth Kaunda, among others, have in some form or another, acknowledged Gandhiji as an inspiration. Even a leader like Joshua Nkomo of Zimbabwe, who found Gandhiji’s methods “not appropriate” to the “special national situation” in his country, nevertheless observes that Gandhiji’s movements were “an inspiration to us, showing that independence need not remain a dream”. [Nkomo (Joshua), The Story of My Life, Methuen, London, 1984, p. 73].
As one writer has put it: “Of all the Asian independence movements, the Indian movement has undoubtedly stirred the imagination of African nationalists the most. And it is not difficult to see why. First, there was the personality of Mahatma Gandhi. The message cabled by the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) on his death expressed the sentiments of all African nationalists, for whom Gandhi was the ‘bearer of the torch of liberty of oppressed peoples’ and whose life had been ‘an inspiration to colonials everywhere’.”
Gandhiji’s struggle and method inspired and interested African-Americans as well. This became evident as articles relating to him and his activities began to appear in African-American journals at least as early as 1919. Hubert Harrison and Dr W E B DuBois were among the prominent African-American intellectuals who began to write and speak about him at this time. Later Gandhiji’s method became a model for the African-American struggle under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., as is well known.
Dr W E B DuBois, the inspiration behind the Pan-African movement, referred to Gandhi in the context of resolving racial conflict especially in the American South: “If we...solve our antithesis; great Gandhi lives again. If we cannot civilise the South, or will not even try, we continue in contradiction and riddle.” [W E B DuBois, Will the Great Gandhi Live Again?, National Guardian, February 11, 1957, in David Levering Lewis (ed.), W E B DuBois: A Reader, Henry **** & Company, New York, 1995, p. 360 ].
He wrote that it may well be that “real human equality and brotherhood in the United States will come only under the leadership of another Gandhi.” (W E B DuBois, Gandhi and the American Negroes, Gandhi Marg, Bombay, July 1957, Vol 1, Number 3, p.177).
In a 1956 preface to his autobiography, Kwame Nkrumah wrote: “After months of studying Gandhi’s policy, and watching the effect that it had, I began to see that, when backed by a strong political organisation it could be the solution to the colonial problem.” (The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah, Thomas Nelson & Sons, Edinburgh, 1959, p. vi).
As late as the end of the sixties, the West African nationalist pioneer, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe wrote in the light of his own experience: “On Gandhi’s The African Element in Gandhi www.mkgandhi.org Page 104 teachings of satyagraha, history has proved Gandhi right.” (Nnamdi Azikiwe, My Odyssey: An Autobiography, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1970, p. 274)
Gandhi’s influence in Africa, such as it was, appeared to cut across nations, races, linguistic areas and religions. Among his most ardent students, for example, was Nigeria’s Aminu Kano. A devout Muslim, Aminu Kano, according to his biographer, “analysed Gandhi’s success in lifting millions of Indians to a high level of dedication and endeavoured to adapt Gandhi’s non-violent techniques to Northern Nigeria”. (Alan Feinstein, African Revolutionary: The Life and Times of Nigeria’s Aminu Kano, Davison Publishing House, Devizes, Wiltshire, 1973, pp. 143-144) Kano came, at least according to one source, to be referred to as the “Gandhi of Nigeria” (Idem). A progressive Muslim, Aminu Kano took several initiatives for social reform.
Besides his correspondence with W.E.B. DuBois, Gandhi also spoke quite positively of Booker T. Washington, John Tengo Jabavu, Marcus Garvey, Jomo Kenyatta, and Paul Robeson. He admired George Washington Carver and called him a genius, and the feeling was mutual. Langston Hughes followed Gandhi closely and wrote positively of him in his poetry. Gandhi was also a friend and admirer of John Dube, the first president of the African National Congress as well as S.S. Tema. Mandela writes:
“M.K Gandhi and John Dube, first President of the African National Congress were neighbours in Inanda, and each influenced the other, for both men established, at about the same time, two monuments to human development within a stone’s throw of each other, the Ohlange Institute and the Phoenix Settlement. Both institutions suffer today the trauma of the violence that has overtaken that region; hopefully, both will rise again, phoenix-like, to lead us to undreamed heights.”[Nelson Mandela, Gandhi The Prisoner: A Comparison, in B. R Nanda (ed.), Mahatma Gandhi: 125 Years, Indian Council of Cultural Relations, New Delhi, 1995, p. 8].
