McMaster’s first true test of leadership was during the 1991 Gulf War. Then a young captain in the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, he fought in the Battle of 73 Easting. His unit, Eagle Troop, got caught in a sandstorm — and then ran headlong into a larger Iraqi force.
Eagle Troop’s nine tanks managed to destroy no fewer than 80 Iraqi tanks and other vehicles without any losses of their own.
Of course, it helped that the Americans’ state-of-the-art M-1 tanks were greatly superior to the Iraqis’ much older, Soviet-made T-62s and T-72s and Chinese Type 69s.
McMaster received a silver star for his actions. Later, McMaster would say that the ’91 conflict gave commanders an unrealistic view of what modern war was going to be like.
It’s not just his battlefield accomplishments that have defined McMaster. He’s equally well-known for his intellectual pedigree. He was a military history professor at West Point and, as a major and Ph.D. candidate at the University of North Carolina, wrote
Dereliction of Duty, a critical perspective on the Vietnam War.
McMaster lambasted Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara for their wartime leadership. But he reserved his harshest criticism for the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other military officers for being more interested in currying favor and protecting their careers than giving their civilian superiors candid advice.
He argued that military force should be deployed carefully and only with clear objectives — which he asserted were absent in Vietnam.
In March 2003, the U.S. Army steamrolled into Iraq following a devastating air campaign. The Iraqi army crumbled in the face of America’s technological superiority.
Just a month later in April 2003, the U.S. Army War College’s Center for Strategic Leadership released McMaster’s monograph “
Crack in the Foundation: Defense Transformation and the Underlying Assumption of Dominant Knowledge in Future War.”
In it, McMaster argued that the ’91 Gulf War had made U.S. military planners arrogant — and had led them to assume that technological superiority would allow them to achieve swift, easy victories through air power.
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