Update: IMF, World Bank throw weight behind China-led bank

Scientific Playa

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Britain and the US at loggerheads over China
Spat shows how Beijing is playing divide and rule with the west


n the celebrated “special relationship” between Britain and the US, it is unusual for one side to rebuke the other publicly. This week a senior White House official delivered a rare, if unattributable broadside against the UK over its China policy.

The trigger was a decision by David Cameron’s government to join China’s Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, one of a constellation of institutions that China has set up to promote international development. The US had lobbied allies in the G7 and Asia not to join the institution and Britain’s defiance is the latest sign of how the bilateral relationship is under pressure. But the spat should also prompt some hard thinking in the US about its approach to China’s rise as a global economic power.



America’s sensitivity to the creation of banks such as AIIB is understandable. Rivalry between Washington and Beijing for global economic influence is intensifying. Since the end of the second world war, the US has been the dominant voice, partly thanks to the creation of the Washington-based World Bank and International Monetary Fund. China is now challenging the Bretton Woods set-up by creating financial bodies to help it gain greater political influence in the Asia-Pacific region and other parts of the world.

The US may want to stop the growth of these bodies. But its lacklustre stewardship of the Washington-based international financial institutions is one of the reasons rivals are proliferating.

The influence of the World Bank as a lending institution has declined, partly because of more restrictive lending focused on poorer countries. At the IMF, the US has proved incapable of helping to give the fund more firepower and a more representative share of votes that reflects the rising power of emerging markets. Having agreed changes to the funding quotas that determine voting rights on the IMF’s board, the US has been unable to get its contribution past an isolation-minded Congress.

George Osborne, UK chancellor, claims that Britain is joining the AIIB in order to help to bind China into a global rules-based system rather than encouraging Beijing to press ahead without western countries. Others see opportunism with Mr Osborne pitching for the City of London in its attempt to capture a portion of the renminbi trade and other Beijing goodies.

By becoming the first G7 country to join the institution, Mr Osborne will have endeared himself to Beijing. But Britain’s move will also encourage China to continue pursuing its strategic goals through a policy of divide-and-rule. It would have been preferable had the G7 adopted a united strategy towards the AIIB rather than seeing one nation break away in its own interest.

The UK’s move serves as another warning to the west of how uncoordinated its policy towards China has become. Within the UK it should also prompt some hard thinking about what kind of role Britain wants to play in the world. For most of the postwar period, Britain punched above its weight as a staunch ally of the US. Today, that alliance is under strain, even if the common interests ultimately prevail over present tiffs.

The stewardship of the global financial system is up to the US. Washington seems flatly opposed to anything which raises China’s financial profile and threatens the status of the dollar. It does not like being left out of new arrangements. In the last resort, the US must decide how to integrate China into the pre-existing financial order without sullying free market principles. Keeping China at bay at all costs will likely encourage Beijing to build its own parallel system from scratch.

http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/5a63e420-c979-11e4-a2d9-00144feab7de.html#axzz3UHjlz7AA
 

Scientific Playa

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Superpowers circle each other in contest to control Asia’s future

Geoff Dyer in Washington


The Anglo-American dispute over membership of a new Beijing-led development bank is one of the early chapters in the growing competition between the US and China over who will write the rules for the 21st century global economy.

The Obama administration reacted angrily to the British decision on Thursday to become a founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, a $50bn Chinese initiative that could end up rivalling the Washington-based World Bank.



Britain will become the first G7 economy to join the AIIB, giving the China-led bank an important boost of credibility and potentially funds at a time when it has been struggling to establish itself.

The new Asian bank is one part of an ambitious Chinese push to create a new generation of financial and economic institutions that could give it greater political influence in the Asia-Pacific region and potentially in other parts of the world.

“At the heart of this dispute is the long-term contest over the rules, norms and institutions that will govern economics and politics in Asia,” says Ely Ratner, senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, a Washington think-tank.

In addition to the AIIB, China is the leading country behind the Brics development bank that was launched last year and has announced a $40bn Silk Road Fund to back projects that will link China to Central Asia.

The new Chinese initiatives all meet a gaping financial hole — the demand for infrastructure in developing countries. The Manila-based Asian Development Bank — one of the direct rivals of the AIIB — has estimated that the East Asia region needs infrastructure investment of $8tn over the next decade to maintain economic growth.

But they also represent a direct political challenge to the Washington-based institutions, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, where the US has been the dominant voice since their foundation after the second world war.

The US has its own plans to forge a new economic architecture for the Asian region, most notably through the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a 12-nation trade agreement that is currently under negotiation. Combined with the separate trade agreement the US is discussing with the EU, the broader American strategy is to establish a new set of global trading rules that would set higher standards for intellectual property rights, state subsidies and environmental protection — all areas where China and the US have different interests and approaches.
US attacks UK’s ‘constant accommodation’ of China

The Obama administration accused the UK of a “constant accommodation” of China after Britain decided to join a new China-led financial institution that could rival the World Bank.



According to Yun Sun, an expert on Chinese foreign policy at the Stimson Center in Washington, China has already faced a number of internal challenges as it tries to set up the AIIB. Officials have promised that the new bank will deliver funds with less bureaucracy than the World Bank, but they also realise that the rigorous conditions adopted by the other banks are partly designed to prevent ill-advised loans and to maintain a strong credit rating.

She adds that there has been pressure from interest groups in China to use the bank’s loans to “advance China’s economic agenda, especially the export of Chinese products and services”, while Chinese foreign policy strategists have argued that the bank “should support China’s strategic interests, with a result that countries disrespectful of China should receive less favourable consideration”.
UK move to join AIIB meets mixed response in China

China’s government has welcomed Britain’s decision to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in the face of heavy criticism from Washington, while the reaction from influential Chinese voices has been mixed. On Friday, China’s foreign ministry said Beijing welcomed the UK decision but noted formal approval of its application was still pending.



During the cold war, the US faced the organised political and economic bloc of the Warsaw Pact. However, China is representing a very different challenge to Washington — a great power with the capacity to establish economic institutions and partnerships with countries that also maintain strong relationships with the US.

The founding members of the new bank include Singapore and India, while China has been lobbying Australia and South Korea — two close US allies — to join the bank. Although both countries have so far declined, the British decision will probably reopen the issue.

“It is a new problem for the US to have,” says Mr Ratner. “Even if the US does not itself join, it will not be sufficient for Washington to simply oppose these new institutions, especially if other western countries are actively participating.”

A number of former US officials believe that the US has also hurt itself in this new competition for influence with China. Having urged China for years to be a “responsible stakeholder” in global governance, the administration supported a reform of the IMF’s quotas that would give China a larger role. However, the proposal has languished in Congress.

China’s desire to forge its own institutions is in part a reflection of the perception that it has been shut out of the existing architecture.

Q&A: the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank
The AIIB — what is it?

The Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank is one of four institutions created or proposed by Beijing in what some see as an attempt to create a Sino-centric financial system to rival western dominated institutions set up after the second world war. The other institutions are the New Development Bank (better known as the Brics bank) and a contingent reserve arrangement, seen as alternatives to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund; and a proposed Development Bank of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation, a six-country Eurasian political, economic and military grouping dominated by China and Russia.
What is it for?

The AIIB offers an alternative to the Asean Development Bank, which focuses on poverty relief and lacks the firepower to undertake the large-scale infrastructure projects that are the remit of the AIIB.
What’s wrong with that?

In principle, nothing. But the ADB and the AIIB are seen as rival rather than complementary organisations. The ADB was established in 1966 and now has 67 members including 48 from Asia and the Pacific. But it is seen by many in the region as overly dominated by Japan and the US, which are by far its biggest shareholders with 15.7 per cent and 15.6 per cent respectively (compared with China’s 5.5 per cent). The AIIB was founded last year with 21 members. Notably absent were the US, Japan, Australia and South Korea. The US, it is said, lobbied countries not to join, while China worked hard to get them in.
Does that matter?

Both sides clearly think it does. Proponents of the AIIB criticise the ADB for being overly bureaucratic. The AIIB’s critics say the new lender will play fast and loose with conditionality and other restrictions on the behaviour of borrowers, allowing corruption to flourish. More significant, however, are strategic considerations. The US and China are increasingly engaged in a struggle for regional influence, played out through institutions such as these.


http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/f59ed7d4-c90a-11e4-bc64-00144feab7de.html#axzz3UHjlz7AA
 

hashmander

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i'd prefer a parallel system. competition is good. i care about the 3rd world, the IMF and world bank have done a bangup job of fukking over these countries. maybe china will as well, maybe they won't. i dunno, let's find out.
 

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The Chinese must have found Europe's weakness and has something to bargain with.
 

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update



Europeans defy US to join China-led development bank

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0655b342-cc29-11e4-beca-00144feab7de.html#axzz3UbB0clX2


George Parker in London, Anne-Sylvaine Chassany in Paris and Geoff Dyer in Washington
President Xi Jinping, fourth from right, meets with guests in October at the AIIB launch ceremony in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing©Reuters

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President Xi Jinping, fourth from right, meets with guests in October at the AIIB launch ceremony in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing

France, Germany and Italy have all agreed to follow Britain’s lead and join a China-led international development bank, according to European officials, delivering a blow to US efforts to keep leading western countries out of the new institution.

The decision by the three European governments comes after Britain announced last week that it would join the $50bn Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, a potential rival to the Washington-based World Bank.



Australia, a key US ally in the Asia-Pacific region which had come under pressure from Washington to stay out of the new bank, has also said that it will now rethink that position.

AustralianFlag.png




The European decisions represent a significant setback for the Obama administration, which has argued that western countries could have more influence over the workings of the new bank if they stayed together on the outside and pushed for higher lending standards.

The AIIB, which was formally launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping last year, is one element of a broader Chinese push to create new financial and economic institutions that will increase its international influence. It has become a central issue in the growing contest between China and the US over who will define the economic and trade rules in Asia over the coming decades.

When Britain announced its decision to join the AIIB last week, the Obama administration told the Financial Times that it was part of a broader trend of “constant accommodation” by London of China. British officials were relatively restrained in their criticism of China over its handling of pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong last year.

Britain tried to gain “first mover advantage” last week by signing up to the fledgling Chinese-led bank before other G7 members. The UK government claimed it had to move quickly because of the impending May 7 general election. The move by George Osborne, the UK chancellor of the exchequer, won plaudits in Beijing.

Britain hopes to establish itself as the number one destination for Chinese investment and UK officials were unrepentant. One suggested that the White House criticism of Britain was a case of sour grapes: “They couldn’t have got congressional approval to join the AIIB, even if they wanted to.”

The US Treasury has voiced concerns about governance at the new bank, especially the environmental and social standards it attaches to its loans. It said it was worried that the AIIB could become a “low-quality” institution.

Privately, US and Australian officials have suggested that the British decision to break ranks and join the bank was driven by commercial considerations and that London was blind to the broader geopolitical implications in the Asia-Pacific region.

South Korean media have reported that Seoul will also now rethink its decision not to join the AIIB. Japan, the US ally in the region that is most worried by China’s growing influence, is not expected to become a member.

Additional reporting by James Politi in Rome and Jamie Smyth in Sydney
Related Topics

United States of America,
United Kingdom,
China,
London,
Barack Obama

 

Leasy

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It's time for them alphabet boys to start dropping them things if they want to stay a premier world power and controller in the world. I don't trust none of these countries but how would a world driven by China would be??? This shyt crazy.

How will Russia and Europe relation be since they are both jumping on China dikk.
 

TRFG

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and It begins :blessed::blessed::blessed::blessed::blessed:

The downfall of America as a super power:banderas:
 

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India and Russia back China's call for 'new world order'

Foreign ministers of two nations meet Chinese counterpart in Beijing as China 'seeks to counterbalance US influence' in the Asia-Pacific


PUBLISHED : Tuesday, 03 February, 2015, 1:13am
UPDATED : Tuesday, 03 February, 2015, 8:07am

Teddy Ng in Beijingteddy.ng@scmp.com

From left, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj. Photo: EPA

Russia and India added their voices on Monday to China's call for a new world order and endorsed Beijing's plans to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of the second world war.

The foreign ministers of the three nations met in the capital for talks just a week after US President Barack Obama made a high-profile trip to India.

After Monday's meeting, President Xi Jinping gave a positive assessment of China's ties with the two nations, despite New Delhi's apparent distrust towards Beijing.

In a joint communique, the three nations vowed to "build a more just, fair and stable international political and economic order" and a "multi-polar" world.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said all states should be involved in creating "a modern security architecture" in the Asia-Pacific; his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi , said the region should not be caught up in a zero-sum game.

"We advocate the principle of partnership rather than alliance," Wang said.

The three nations also gave their support to efforts to put second world war commemorations on the agenda of the United Nations General Assembly.

"We will be celebrating the 70th anniversary of the UN and the world's victory against fascism. This provides a great opportunity for countries in the world to cherish history and look forward to the future," Wang said.

Lavrov and Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj backed the call, with Lavrov saying the world needed to be on alert for fascism. "We must remember the tragic lesson of the events of those years," he said.

China has sought to spearhead efforts for the anniversary, a move that some observers have described as an attempt to exert pressure on Japan. A military parade will be held in Beijing in September, to which Russian President Vladimir Putin is expected to be invited.

The hosting of the two foreign ministers is seen as an attempt by Beijing to present a united international front as a counterbalance to Washington, after Obama's visit to India.

During Obama's trip, India and the US said freedom of navigation should be protected across the South China Sea, over which Beijing claims sovereignty.

But Xi was positive on Sino-Indian ties as he meet Swaraj yesterday, saying the relationship had "entered a new stage".

"The two nations have to properly control their differences with patience, and the differences should not affect the overall picture of their relations," the China News Service quoted him as saying.
 
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