Technically something like the debt ceiling wouldn't even have to exist if our government issued it's own currency instead of "borrowing" from the Federal Reserve. I know that it still would because we'd still borrow from foreign countries, I just threw out an absolutely utopic, yet absurd and nearly impossible hypothetical situation.
The system is set up so the already rich and powerful can become even more rich and powerful. The Federal Reserve is "owned" and run by the old money/royal/elite families, along with most of the other central banks, and for the most part, the privately owned big banks of the world, solely for the benefit of themselves. Our government creates T-bonds, exchanges them for Federal Reserve Notes (Cash), the Federal Reserve then auctions off the t-bonds, down the line our government pays interest on the t-bonds to whoever bought the t-bond, causing us to pay more than we initially "borrowed" in the first place from the Federal Reserve. As a nation we go deeper into debt with the creation of every new dollar, and even deeper when eventually paying the interest on the t-bonds that were created and sold in exchange for the Federal Reserve Notes. Unfortunately though if we took complete control of issuing our own currency and just printed ourselves out of debt, the value of the existing dollars in circulation would plummet. That $20 in your pocket would now roughly be equivalent to $5, causing prices to skyrocket. There's no easy fix to our situation, and it's going to get much worse before it gets better. We're pretty much in a slow unavoidable decline, some people want to get the crash over with (some realists and revolutionary types, but mostly just loser/misery loves company types), some want to stretch it out because they're happy (and probably rich and getting richer) with the current system, but most are just blissfully, or miserably, ignorant.
And really our system is so complex that, even though the basics I listed here are pretty solid, these outcomes are just popular theories. No one really knows exactly what would happen to the US and global markets under volatile or unforeseen circumstances. Professionals can manipulate certain stocks and markets etc. but no one can completely predict or control the entire global economic system. The old money families do their best to use the world economic markets to manipulate the countries of the world to "bailout" too big to fail banks, and businesses, in other cases they strong arm the governments into selling/privatizing public services/utilities. They're behind most wars too, everytime the US tried to abolish it's central bank, we were either threatened with, or brought to war. Now the US, along with NATO and the UN, are the public faces of the old money hierarachy, and used militarily whenever a country isn't cooperating with the global power structure. Creation of a central bank, control of a country's natural resources..any opportunity to CAPITALIZE really (hence the term capitalism) these vultures swoop in. It's amazing, I've read and seen a lot of this stuff in different books and documentaries and shyt, I'm absolutely positive I'm not 100% spot on with everything, but just the way these people have the system so under their thumbs, and have a say in every facet of the global economy, you can't help but be in awe, and most likely furious, at the amount of power they possess and the lengths they'll go to keep it. Due to the current human condition/human nature, if the existing power structure fell, the one that replaced it would fall victim to the same issues. It would take a mass spiritual, intellectual, mental, etc. (whatever you want to call it) awakening for things to change. I know I went way off topic, but I just wanted to touch on the topic of the Federal Reserve in more detail, the problems it causes, how deep the system runs, and ultimately why it's not worth losing your mind over. We can help spread the info, but until the masses wake up the current system is here to stay.