As you used the word "should" in your question, I'm going to say the parents. As an aside, I cannot think of any other scenario in which a parent has a kid and hands it over to a other person/entity with the expectation said person/entity should be as responsible to his/her child as the parent is to be.
At the very least, if a parent has the ability to read, write and do arithmetic, then that mother or father has the basic means to get a library card and check out some books on the subject matter and study this with the child and look at how it applies to their home life. Another method could be to take the child to the bank to converse with a financial advisor or find someone else who knows what they are talking about to impart this knowledge to the child. With social media established as it is, a parent could find like-minded parents and brainstorm ideas or solicit financial experts to come teach their kids at a monthly meeting in the library.
In this country, we all have access to a basic education and can really use that as a foundation to learn about other subjects. If you can read, you can learn and understand new ideas. If you can write, you can express your own ideas and challenge others. If you can do arithmetic, you have a basis for using logic, analyzing and problem-solving. You can do a lot with that as a parent if you can think outside the box and put aside the notion an "expert" knows and understands something you can't learn and understand yourself.
My point is, the parent will always will be the responsible party for a child because the parent was the one who brought the child into existence. And if a parent has a basic education, personal drive and a creative mind, s/he could seek out ways to get his/her child this information if s/he doesn't have it him/herself to impart.
In saying this, I'm not absolving those in the schools system of their responsibilities to the children. It's just that, in all honesty, it is unlikely a teacher will ever care about your child's success as much as you do.