Americans largely have not been taught HOW to think.
And so few of us question things at anything more than a superficial level.
But the simplest thing people can do is try to verify information from trustworthy news sources.
Look, I understand that to SOME DEGREE, any news source will have some political lean.
That said, a story posted from AP, Reuters, NYT, Washington Post, WSJ, Axios, Newsweek (and there are others) tend to be more trustworthy than something from the far extremes of the spectrum. And certainly better than anything your stupid ass Twitter feed shows you from a random nobody.
So if you do see a wild, salacious story from an uncommon source, the first thing you should do is try to verify it by finding a similar story on a much more popular media outlet. That's at least a start.
The next step might be to ask yourself "who benefits?" from a certain narrative being shared. Because at least then you may be able to see if there's manipulation, propaganda or political games being played.
A major problem is that increasingly, since the 1970s, there has been a focus on being 1st with less of a focus on being accurate. And in this information/social media age where clicks and going viral is everything....it becomes harder for the truth to shine through.