This is damaging….democrats are fukked for a generation...
Was the 2024 election a political freak of nature—the result of an aging president unwilling to acknowledge his disability until it was too late?
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The Emerging Democratic Minority
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John B. Judis
John B. JudisMarch 20, 2025
The Emerging Democratic Minority
Was the 2024 election a political freak of nature—the result of an aging president unwilling to acknowledge his disability until it was too late? Was it merely an instance of the anti-incumbency trend seen in many countries in the wake of post-pandemic inflation? Or did the dismal losses for the Democrats betoken future difficulties for the party?
There is no doubt that Harris was tarred by Biden’s unpopularity and by rising grocery prices, but the Democratic losses went below the presidential level and include Senate and House races they were supposed to win handily. The election revealed some new weaknesses for Democrats—for instance, among younger voters—but it rested on larger demographic and geographical trends that have haunted the Democrats for decades.
The 2024 results were consistent with Hillary Clinton’s defeat in 2016. The Democrats’ victory in 2020 was the result of exceptional circumstances—Donald Trump’s mishandling of the pandemic, the Democratic establishment’s boost of the least unelectable candidate, Joe Biden, and the pandemic shielding that candidate from the rigors of a normal campaign. Without a dramatic change in how voters perceive the Democrats, the trends that were evident in the 2016 and 2024 elections are likely to persist and could provide the Republicans an advantage over the next decade or so.
In what follows, I’ll explain what these trends are and how they have affected Democrats’ chances in presidential and senate elections. If I had to single out a difference between my views and those of other commentators, it would be on the importance of political geography. Finally, I’ll say something about what the Democrats need to improve their standing. Here, I think the main difference I would have with many Democrats is on the question of whether a renewed focus on economics will be enough to revive the party.
“Harris lost 16 percentage points among Latinos without a college degree.”
The Working Class Vote. Democrats began to lose support within the working class (defined roughly in polling terms as voters without a college degree) as far back as the 1960s, but they reached a new low in 2016 when Hillary Clinton lost this demographic by three points—and the white working class by 27 points. (In citing poll numbers, I give precedence to Catalist post-election compilations when comparing 2016 and 2020, AP/VoteCast on 2024 numbers, and the Edison Exit polls on any trends that go back before 2016. Where there is a wide disparity, I will try to explain the difference.) Biden gained back some of these votes in 2020, but Kamala Harris lost them by 13 points and the white working class by 31 points. Harris lost 16 percentage points among Latinos without a college degree and three points among blacks without a degree.
Rural and Small Town Voters. The Democratic share of the rural and small-town vote began falling in 1980, but the big decline, as political scientists Nicholas Jacobs and Daniel Shea demonstrate in The Rural Voter, began with the 2010 midterm election, when the Republicans flipped 31 House seats in rural districts and 20 in districts that mixed rural and urban. Democrats reached a new low of 34 percent among rural voters in 2016. Biden rebounded slightly, but Harris dropped back to Clinton’s level of support.
Harris received 34 and 35 percent support respectively in the Edison and AP/VoteCast polls, but the Edison poll estimates the rural vote as 19 percent, which roughly corresponds to the narrow Census estimate, while the AP/VoteCast figures, which ask voters whether they live in rural areas or small towns, estimates the rural/small-town vote as 35 percent. (As shown in the two graphs below, the two kinds of estimate follow the same trajectory.) The latter figure is more indicative of the difficulties that Democrats face.
1. Democratic Presidential Vote by Location, 1976-2024 using strict census categories (compiled by Nicholas Jacobs)
A graph of a number of years
AI-generated content may be incorrect.
2. Democratic Presidential Vote 1976-2024 using broader criteria of rural and small town (compiled by Nicholas Jacobs)
A graph of a number of years
AI-generated content may be incorrect.
The Male Vote. Beginning in 1980, Democratic presidential candidates began enjoying more success among female than male voters. That is what the term “gender gap” referred to. In the 1992, 1996, 2008, 2012, and 2020 presidential elections, Democratic victories were attributable to this gender gap. But when Republicans won elections, they enjoyed rising success among male voters that overcame the Democratic gender gap. In 2016, Clinton’s margin among women allowed her to win the popular vote, but she did worse among men than Barack Obama had. In 2024, male voters went over to Trump by 13 points, easily overcoming Harris’s six-point margin among women. Key male constituencies included black males, among whom Trump gained 12 points from 2020, Latinos, among whom he gained 19 points, and young (18–29-year-old) men, among whom he gained 14 points.
Because American presidential elections are decided by state totals in the Electoral College and senators are elected by states, the statewide configuration of votes is critical for control of the White House and the Senate. If you factor in the Democrats’ growing difficulties among rural and small-town voters and among voters without college degrees, you come out with an electoral map that gives an edge to Republicans despite Democratic success in large post-industrial metro centers and among the college-educated. Again, it is a matter of seeing 2024 as a continuation of 2016 rather than of 2020.
In 2016, Clinton lost six states that Obama had won twice: Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Ohio, and Florida. The first three of these states were part of a “blue wall” that Democrats had won in every presidential election since 1992. Biden put these three states back in the Democratic column in 2020, but Harris lost them and the other three in 2024. And she lost Iowa, Ohio, and Florida in margins that suggested these states have now become part of a Republican “red wall.” Harris’s defeat in these states can’t simply be attributed to her being a weak candidate. Popular three-term incumbent Democratic Senators lost in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and two-term incumbent Tammy Baldwin barely squeaked by in Wisconsin.
If you look at the states that Democrats lost in 2016 and 2024, and if you include states like Missouri and Montana that were once swing states, you come up with two features that could show a trend to the Republicans. These states have a higher than the national average percentage of rural and small-town voters, and of voters without a college degree.