Meanwhile European foreign ministers are holding talks with Iran in Geneva after Donald Trump set a two-week timeline for US action.
www.bbc.com
Why can't Iran have nuclear weapons if other countries can
Raffi Berg
Middle East digital editor
Image source, Reuters
Only a handful of countries have nuclear weapons: the
UK,
US, Russia,
China,
France,
India,
Pakistan and
North Korea. Israel is widely believed to have them but neither confirms nor denies this.
So, why can some countries have them and others can't?
The answer lies in a 1968 pact called the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
It says countries can have civilian nuclear programmes, but that no more countries should get nuclear weapons than already have them. The NPT is legally binding and the vast majority of countries signed up to it - including Iran.
However, Israel, India, Pakistan and South Sudan have not signed it, and North Korea has since pulled out.
India and Pakistan were not recognised as nuclear weapon states when the treaty began and they would be required to disarm if they joined it now. South Sudan is a relatively new country with no nuclear programme.
Israel has not signed because it pursues a policy of nuclear ambiguity as a tactic against foes and does not allow inspections of its nuclear facilities, which would be required under the NPT.
Iran, Arab countries and others have long demanded that Israel be pressured into disarming and being transparent about its nuclear programme, viewing Israel's supposed arsenal as a source of regional tension and a threat.
Iran has always denied seeking nuclear weapons and does not possess any, though many countries are not convinced by Iran's claim of peaceful intentions.
In 2002 it was discovered to have had a secret nuclear programme not allowed under the NPT, triggering a years-long crisis which in large part led to today's events.
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Afro's Addition:
Explore the complex history of Iran's nuclear program, from its origins to the present day, including international concerns and efforts to address them.
worldbriefings.com
The IAEA Investigation
In 2002, the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) exposed the existence of an undisclosed uranium enrichment facility in Natanz, leading to emerging concerns about Iran's nuclear program.[54][55] In 2003, after the Iranian government formally acknowledged the facilities, the Atomic Energy Agency inspected them, finding that they had a more advanced nuclear program than had previously been anticipated by U.S. intelligence.[56]
After public allegations about Iran's previously undeclared nuclear activities, the IAEA launched an investigation that concluded in November 2003 that Iran had systematically failed to meet its obligations under its NPT safeguards agreement to report those activities to the IAEA, although it also reported no evidence of links to a nuclear weapons program. The IAEA Board of Governors delayed a formal finding of non-compliance until September 2005, and reported that non-compliance to the Security Council in February 2006. After the Board of Governors reported Iran's noncompliance with its safeguards agreement to the Security Council, the Council demanded that Iran suspend its enrichment programs. The Council imposed sanctions after Iran refused to do so. A May 2009 US Congressional Report suggested "the United States, and later the Europeans, argued that Iran's deception meant it should forfeit its right to enrich, a position likely to be up for negotiation in talks with Iran."[64]