Obviously Maduro and company don't know much about international trade and currency management. The single greatest cause of Venezuela’s crisis is the government’s mismanagement of its currency. The problem stems from the coexistence of three different exchange rates, and the gulf between the lower of two official rates and the black market rate. They should have re-established a free float which would immediately end one of the major incentives for corruption, and would have quickly lead to an easing of scarcities, a rise in imports, and increased production. Why didn't Maduro or Chavez do this? Perhaps to keep the military officials who are benefiting from the corruption happy (so they don't heed opposition calls for a coup?) and keep import businesses happy. Those entities get provided dollars by the government at the lower official rate. These businesses and officials often trade these dollars on the black market in order to make obscene profits.
And its interesting that US diplomats are meeting with military officials under sanctions for drug trafficking and corruption.
But one thing we have to remember its not just about a coup. The financial sanctions have had a big impact on Venezuela as well. 95% of Venezuela’s export revenue comes from oil sold by the state-owned oil company. Cutting off the government’s access to dollars has left the economy without the hard currency needed to pay for imports of food and medicine. Starving the Venezuelan economy of its foreign currency earnings has turned this into a full-blown humanitarian catastrophe.
Last year, Venezuela’s export revenues rose from $28 to $32 billion, cause of increased world oil prices. Under normal conditions, a rise in a country’s exports would leave it with more resources to pay for its imports. But in the Venezuelan case, imports fell by 31 percent during the same year. The reason is that the country lost access to international financial markets. Unable to roll over its debt, it was forced to build up huge external surpluses to continue servicing that debt in a desperate attempt to avoid a default. Meanwhile, creditors threatened to seize the Venezuelan government’s remaining revenue sources if the country defaulted, including refineries located abroad and payments for oil shipments.
So, for example, CITGO is not allowed to send a lot of money back to Venezuela. But even more importantly, they can’t borrow. So, they spent billions of dollars last year paying off loans. The government is paying off loans because they can’t borrow. And the sanctions actually prevents them from borrowing from the U.S. financial system or anything that goes through the U.S. financial system. And the financial institutions are very conservative about this, so even though there’s allowances for a certain kind of trade credits or loans that could be used to get food or medicine, they’ll cut that because they don’t want to get fined by the U.S. government.
If they want to restructure their debt, which would be a very big part of getting out of the depression and hyperinflation that they have right now, they can’t do that under the embargo either. They are trying to strangle the economy, and they’re trying to overthrow the government.
And its interesting that US diplomats are meeting with military officials under sanctions for drug trafficking and corruption.
But one thing we have to remember its not just about a coup. The financial sanctions have had a big impact on Venezuela as well. 95% of Venezuela’s export revenue comes from oil sold by the state-owned oil company. Cutting off the government’s access to dollars has left the economy without the hard currency needed to pay for imports of food and medicine. Starving the Venezuelan economy of its foreign currency earnings has turned this into a full-blown humanitarian catastrophe.
Last year, Venezuela’s export revenues rose from $28 to $32 billion, cause of increased world oil prices. Under normal conditions, a rise in a country’s exports would leave it with more resources to pay for its imports. But in the Venezuelan case, imports fell by 31 percent during the same year. The reason is that the country lost access to international financial markets. Unable to roll over its debt, it was forced to build up huge external surpluses to continue servicing that debt in a desperate attempt to avoid a default. Meanwhile, creditors threatened to seize the Venezuelan government’s remaining revenue sources if the country defaulted, including refineries located abroad and payments for oil shipments.
So, for example, CITGO is not allowed to send a lot of money back to Venezuela. But even more importantly, they can’t borrow. So, they spent billions of dollars last year paying off loans. The government is paying off loans because they can’t borrow. And the sanctions actually prevents them from borrowing from the U.S. financial system or anything that goes through the U.S. financial system. And the financial institutions are very conservative about this, so even though there’s allowances for a certain kind of trade credits or loans that could be used to get food or medicine, they’ll cut that because they don’t want to get fined by the U.S. government.
If they want to restructure their debt, which would be a very big part of getting out of the depression and hyperinflation that they have right now, they can’t do that under the embargo either. They are trying to strangle the economy, and they’re trying to overthrow the government.