Let me just walk myself through this brainstorm:
Forget Race, Color, Creed for a moment and focus solely on human condition.
Lets focus solely on what the US considers the 4 major felony groups and think about the persona of who those people are.
People who steal things (robbery etc)
People who physical harm other people (assault, murder, rape)
People who deal in and around drugs (smuggling, distribute, pimps/prostitutes)
People who cheat and lie (white collar crimes)
So lets think about the "why?" for these personas:
Theft is a lack of self control/ability to follow the rules. Its a necessity if you feel you have no other way to make money/get money. It is taking the easy way out to easy money.
Physical harm is a lack of self control to not hurt others or take a life. It is often a result of childhood trauma. It can be a sign of mental illness.
Drug dealing is a lack of self control/ability to follow the rules. Its a necessity if you feel you have no other way to make money/get money. It is taking the easy way out to easy money.
Lying/Cheating is a lack of self control/ability to follow the rules. It is almost solely based on greed through can also be a sign of mental illness (narcissistic disorders, etc). It is taking the easy way out to easy money.
3 out of the 4 major groups can be 100% rehabilitated with just Counseling, Education, Training and Opportunity. Maybe not everyone will come through, but treating 3 of those groups like humans and helping them to not steal, rob sell drugs or cheat are completely solvable.
The physical group is the one that would require more. Real therapy, longer stays etc.
Obviously the problems are more intricate, but still....