Is this somehow connected with the Democrats and Republicans eventually “switching places” so to speak? I’ve still yet to fully read up on that
In West Virginia's case I think it's more complex than that, but I don't really know much about the area so I'm mostly guessing.
My basic understanding is this:
1. The Republicans were originally created in the years before the Civil War and were clearly the more anti-slavery party. Democrats in the South were resolutely pro-slavery, while Democrats in the north were more pro-slavery than Republicans but not as strongly committed as southern Democrats. Republicans in the south didn't even really exist. Abe becoming president threatened the South so much that the seceeded off the mere concern that he might start limiting slavery beyond their comfort level.
2. After the North won the Civil War, Black folk newly free and able to vote all joined the Republicans, a lot of Southern Democrats were now dead or couldn't vote, and "Radical Republicans" dominated the scene. They were hardcore pro-Black for the time and we got our first Black senators, representatives, and governor out of this. Democrats were angry racist white people with no power.
3. Southern white democrats got violent and intimidating in the 1876 election in order to try to wrestle power back from the Blacks and Republicans, leading to the biggest voting dispute in our nation's history (way worse than 2020). In the huge "Compromise of 1877", Democrats basically allowed the Republicans to take the presidency so long as the Republicans agreed to get the federal government out of the South, completely screwing over Black folk and ending Reconstruction (before that had happened there had also been some blowback within the Republican party, with moderate Republicans pulling power back from the Radical Republicans who had pushed the real pro-Black policies).
4. With the Black vote suppressed, civil rights began waning in importance to Republicans and by the 1890s they became more and more the pro-business party. In the early 1900s the progressive Republicans sorta split off and formed their own party briefly and eventually dispersed, making the Republican party solidly the "Conservative and pro-business" party outside of a few liberals in the northeast, while the Democrats were the "Pro-worker and still openly racist" party.
5. FDR becoming president and pushing hardcore progressive policies in the 1930s made a lot of progressives join the Democrats, especially in the North. There were Democrats in the South liked the progressive shyt too, but were still super racist. So the Democrats slowly started growing into a "socially conservative but economically progressive" party in the South and a "progressive" party in the North. Meanwhile, the economic conservatives in the South started abandoning the Democratic party and siding with Republicans, even though they were still racist, cause pro-business was more important.
6. Around the 1940s and 50s some of the most hardcore racists in the South didn't like being associated with the Democrats, and began looking to form their own parties. The pressure of the Civil Rights Movement began doing its work on progressives, and many of the northern progressives in the Democratic party began looking more and more to supporting Black Civil Rights.
7. Thus when the Civil Rights Act passed in 1965, people voted more by region than by party. Northerners supported the Civil Rights Act whether they were Republican or Democrat, and Southerners opposed the Civil Rights Act whether they were Republican or Democrat. In the end a majority of both parties supported the Civil Rights Act, but more Democrats than Republicans voted against it because there were still a lot more Democrats in the South. However, the leadership of the parties was very different, because JFK and LBJ both strongly supported the Civil Rights Act, whereas Goldwater, the Republican nominee for president in 1964, was against it. Ironically, from what I understand LBJ was almost certainly more racist personally than Goldwater was - Goldwater himself was a desegregationist while LBJ was a Texas democrat. But Goldwater was also an idiotic ultra-libertarian idealist who thought the government shouldn't interfere in business and such, and his "small government" philosophies were gonna fukk over Black folk.
8. Now that Black folk got the vote back they started flocking towards the Democratic party and leaders like Bobby Kennedy who were openly fighting for Black rights. The Republicans saw the writing on the wall and realized that if they were losing elections anyway, and clearly weren't gonna get the Black vote, they might as well strive for the racist White vote. They had long ago left progressive values in order to fight for big business anyway. Thus they started the "Southern Strategy" policy of targeting disillusioned White southern Democrats, and the South began tilting towards the Republican party. As the racists in the Democrat party steadily abandoned it for the Republicans, the Democrats gradually became even more pro-Black, which also happened to be in line with their pro-poor and pro-worker policies that they'd already been pushing for decades.
That's the basic story of how the parties switched, best as I can put it. But West Virginia is a weird fit because they were a "northern", anti-slavery state, and they were 100% behind passing the Civil Rights Act. So the Southern Strategy didn't work on them, at least not initially. They were still electing mostly Democratic governors until now, their current governor switched personally from a Democrat to a Republican. From 1958 to 2014 they had two Democratic senators the entire time. They voted for Jimmy Carter both times he ran, for Michael Dukakis, and for Clinton by a landslide both times. But they switched to Bush in 2000 and by 2004 they were voting for Republican presidents by double-digits, now its 30+ %.
So it's kinda weird that the Southern Strategy really didn't work in West Virginia at all until 2000, and now suddenly from 2000-2020 just took off. If I had to guess I'd say part of it could be a degree of racial solidarity, part of it has to do with end of "conservative Democrats" and the feeling that the Democratic party is too socially liberal and against family values, and part of it is feeling the Democrats are elitists who don't care as much about working-class people as they used to. Republicans don't give a shyt about poor rural or working-class people either, but at least in the South they're better at faking it sometimes, while Democrats look to them like Wall Street and Hollywood elitists who don't care about their jobs or their homes or their families and just pander to a lot of people who look nothing like them.
Granted, I'm saying this having never been to West Virginia in my life and not knowing jack shyt about them. But that's the feeling I get from the stuff I've picked up.