What waves and trends?
The production and sound of every album.
If you check the production credits and actually go back and look at any albums he put out and compare it to the sounds of whatever was major in that year it will line up.
Jay-z's rapping abilities and status have always carried Jay-Z.
There is not 1 jay-z album that can be considered groundbreaking from a sonically speaking standpoint.
He never set any trends; he did tend to shyt on a lot of them tho.





