Institutions go beyond financial networks
whats your point?
africa 500 years ago africa had neither strong instutions and no financial network, that is why they fell to the european, weak institutions was a problem before the european
your original post was not this nuanced and did not have any qualifiers
i made many posts, but why would i say something like "africans had NO contact with each other"
of course there was contact here and there, but there was not any signifcant contact or trade amongst africans across the regions of africa, a problem that still exists today, african countries till this day trade more between china, us and europe then they do amongst themsleves
there has never been a pan african trading network, ever
you bringing up some bullshyt about mali and axum is laughable
we are talking about Haiti, not Africa
we never talked about haiti, primordial brought up haiti and i said that haiti had weak leaderrs post toussaint, and because haiti is an illiterate society their pool of leaders has always been weak
but my crtiticism of haitian leaders is similar to my criticism of african leaders which you refer to as moral and intelligent