When I looked into Garvey years back and found out he never went to Africa and was promoting a back to Africa movement I was baffled
I was more surprised with him being a pen pal of a KKK member, which for the early 1920's is insane as they were terrorizing black American throughout the south. My mom was really big into the black power movement and instilled it into us when growing up which I am very thankful for. But anytime a discussion of Garvey came up she just hit the

every time. I know why now
All of the big Back-to-Africa/Pan-Africanist of AfroAmerica in the 1800s/early 1900s went to Africa
Paul Cuffee (1759–1817), a wealthy Black Quaker ship captain,
pioneered the Back-to-Africa movement by leading voyages to Sierra Leone to establish a free Black colony and trading post. He personally financed a 1815 expedition, transporting 38 African Americans to Freetown to build a new life, acting on his belief that true freedom required economic independence
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Martin Delany (1812–1885), a pioneering Black nationalist and abolitionist,
traveled to West Africa (specifically Liberia and Nigeria) in 1859–1860 to explore possibilities for African American emigration and settlement. He established a treaty with African chieftains in Abeokuta (modern-day Nigeria) before returning to the U.S. to participate in the Civil War.
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Bishop Henry McNeal Turner (1834–1915), a prominent AME Church leader and Black Nationalist born free in South Carolina, advocated for emigration to Africa due to US racism. He traveled to Africa four times between 1891 and 1898 to establish AME missions, promoting West and South Africa as places for black independence.
Bishop Henry McNeal Turner, a prominent 19th-century AME Church leader and proponent of Black nationalism, traveled to Africa four times between 1891 and 1898.
He visited Liberia, Sierra Leone, and South Africa to establish AME conferences and promote emigration as a solution to American white supremacy. Turner documented his 1891 trip in
African Letters.
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Henry Highland Garnet (1815–1882) was a prominent African American abolitionist and educator, born into slavery in Kent County, Maryland. He escaped to the North in 1824 and, late in life,
fulfilled a dream to visit Africa by serving as the U.S. Minister to Liberia in 1881, where he died shortly after arrival
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Alexander Crummell (1819–1898), an influential African-American Episcopal minister and intellectual,
moved to Liberia in 1853, where he lived and worked for 20 years. As a missionary, educator, and professor at Liberia College
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W.E.B. Du Bois (1868–1963) was born in Great Barrington, Massachusett,
relocated to Ghana in 1961 at age 93, accepting President Kwame Nkrumah’s invitation to edit the
Encyclopedia Africana. He became a Ghanaian citizen in 1963, renouncing his US citizenship after travel restrictions. Du Bois died in Accra on August 27, 1963, and was buried there, highlighting his lifelong commitment to Pan-Africanism
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Garvey is the only who was out here
