Bigblackted4
Superstar
shyt almost gave me a Brain aneurysmAnybody using "We Wuz" in the same way as insecure white folks, is a CERTIFIED BYTCH!
Ok 😒 this “everyone in history that was important was secretly black” stuff got to stop we looking crazy “Columbas was a black moor” 😒
- Thread starter ajnapoleon
- Start date
Black American.
Afro-Caribbean.
Latin America (Afro-Latin).
West Africa-Nigeria-American.
Biracial-Nigerian-American.
South Africa.
“The most prevalent body shapes among the African group (n = 109) were the triangle (58.7%), followed by the hourglass (27.5%) and the rectangular shape (12.8%). The least common was the apple shape (0.9%). Among the Caucasian group (n = 125), the hourglass shape (40.8%) was the most common, followed by the triangle (33.6%) and the rectangle (25.6%). There were no participants classified as apple-shaped among the Caucasian group. There were also no participants classified as inverted triangle among both ethnic groups (Table 2).”
View attachment 6943672
HarlemHottie
Uptown Thoroughbred
I've been doing an experiment lately, since I have a bunch of free time. I've been looking into the revisionist black history world. I have a technique that I use on all subjects. Start with the official story, look at the revisionists' proof, weigh it out.
On the subject of black Native Americans, I recently read a book, I wanna say last Thursday- Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples- by this guy. This is his seminal work.
Jack Douglas Forbes (January 7, 1934 – February 23, 2011) was an American historian, writer, scholar, and political activist, who specialized in Native American issues. He is best known for his role in establishing one of the first Native American studies programs (at University of California Davis). In addition, he was one of the cofounders of D-Q University, a prominently Native American college in Davis, California.
en.wikipedia.org
Starting around pg 249, he discusses us specifically by state: the laws, statutes, and court decisions. All up and down the east coast. What he found was that, overall, delineation was very wishy washy. The only natives clearly enumerated as such were the ones on reservations. Otherwise, they were free persons of color just like whatever free bp. On occasion, they were counted on the census as 'M,' mulatto. He concludes that, going forward, social scientists have to stop looking at 'free people of color' as a sort of proto- 'AfroAmerican' (his term) because it literally included everybody who wasn't white, except for three categories: unmixed Indians on reservations, unmixed Indians living in known Indian towns, and unmixed Africans.
I poked around some more and found that there was mass recategorization done during Jim Crow, pushing many well-established lines from more ambiguous categories straight into negro.
The Racial Integrity Act required that all birth certificates and marriage certificates in Virginia to include the person's race as either "white" or "colored". The Act classified all non-whites, including Native Americans, as "colored".[2]..
en.wikipedia.org
Lastly, its so interesting to me that people have such strong opinions on shyt they never even read a book about. They weren't importing African men and women at the same rate, so who you think was reproducing? Wasn't enough wm in the colony to do the job. I mean, it's right on the damn wiki
However, Carolinians had more of a preference for African slaves but also capitalized on the Indian slave trade combining both.[40] By the late 1700s records of slaves mixed with African and Native American heritage were recorded.[41] In the eastern colonies it became common practice to enslave Native American women and African men with a parallel growth of enslavement for both Africans and Native Americans.[40] This practice also lead to large number of unions between Africans and Native Americans.[42] This practice of combining African slave men and Native American women was especially common in South Carolina.[40]
en.wikipedia.org
That's as far as I got.
On the subject of black Native Americans, I recently read a book, I wanna say last Thursday- Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples- by this guy. This is his seminal work.
Jack Douglas Forbes (January 7, 1934 – February 23, 2011) was an American historian, writer, scholar, and political activist, who specialized in Native American issues. He is best known for his role in establishing one of the first Native American studies programs (at University of California Davis). In addition, he was one of the cofounders of D-Q University, a prominently Native American college in Davis, California.
Jack D. Forbes - Wikipedia
Starting around pg 249, he discusses us specifically by state: the laws, statutes, and court decisions. All up and down the east coast. What he found was that, overall, delineation was very wishy washy. The only natives clearly enumerated as such were the ones on reservations. Otherwise, they were free persons of color just like whatever free bp. On occasion, they were counted on the census as 'M,' mulatto. He concludes that, going forward, social scientists have to stop looking at 'free people of color' as a sort of proto- 'AfroAmerican' (his term) because it literally included everybody who wasn't white, except for three categories: unmixed Indians on reservations, unmixed Indians living in known Indian towns, and unmixed Africans.
I poked around some more and found that there was mass recategorization done during Jim Crow, pushing many well-established lines from more ambiguous categories straight into negro.
The Racial Integrity Act required that all birth certificates and marriage certificates in Virginia to include the person's race as either "white" or "colored". The Act classified all non-whites, including Native Americans, as "colored".[2]..
Indians reclassified as colored
As registrar, Plecker directed the reclassification of nearly all Virginia Indians as colored on their birth and marriage certificates. Consequently, two or three generations of Virginia Indians had their ethnic identity altered on these public documents. Fiske reported that Plecker's tampering with the vital records of the Virginia Indian tribes made it impossible for descendants of six of the eight tribes recognized by the state to gain federal recognition, because they could no longer prove their American Indian ancestry by documented historical continuity
Racial Integrity Act of 1924 - Wikipedia
Lastly, its so interesting to me that people have such strong opinions on shyt they never even read a book about. They weren't importing African men and women at the same rate, so who you think was reproducing? Wasn't enough wm in the colony to do the job. I mean, it's right on the damn wiki
However, Carolinians had more of a preference for African slaves but also capitalized on the Indian slave trade combining both.[40] By the late 1700s records of slaves mixed with African and Native American heritage were recorded.[41] In the eastern colonies it became common practice to enslave Native American women and African men with a parallel growth of enslavement for both Africans and Native Americans.[40] This practice also lead to large number of unions between Africans and Native Americans.[42] This practice of combining African slave men and Native American women was especially common in South Carolina.[40]
Black Indians in the United States - Wikipedia
That's as far as I got.
Exactly, so why is there no other Black population in the Americas is making these weird claims? Admixture is one thing, but to claim to always have been in the Americans is something else.
"Landing Negroes at Jamestown from Dutch Man-of-War, 1619," illustration in Harper’s Monthly, 1901, courtesy of Library of Congress. The enslaved Africans depicted in this painting were reportedly the first to arrive in English North America in 1619.
Watercolor painting of southeastern American Indians and an African child, Alexander De Batz, French Louisiana, 1735. French Louisiana demonstrated more fluid race and slavery experiences before the rise of plantations in this region in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
"In Spanish Florida (first settled in 1513), settlers purchased enslaved Africans for various forms of labor, but scholars argue that slavery in this context proved less restrictive. As a military tactic, the Spanish offered freedom to slaves who escaped from their English rivals, particular from the nearby English colonies of Carolina and later Georgia. This led to various free African settlements in Florida composed of runaway slaves. These escaped Africans often intermixed with Seminole American Indians in northern Florida. By the nineteenth century, tensions between African and American Indian Seminoles and the United States government led to a series of violent conflicts called the Seminole Wars (1814-19, 1835-42, 1855-58). A plantation economy based on enslaved labor did not fully form in Florida until it became a part of the United States in the early nineteenth century."
"Maroon Societies is a systematic study of the communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States. These societies ranged from small bands that survived less than a year to powerful states encompassing thousands of members and surviving for generations and even centuries."
Richard Price & Sally Price - Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas edited by Richard Price
Website of Richard and Sally Price, authors of books on Maroon societies and the history and culture of the Caribbean region.
www.richandsally.net
"Caribbean immigration to the United States was relatively small during the early nineteenth century but it grew significantly after the Civil War. The foreign-born black population, which was almost wholly Caribbean in origin, increased by 500 percent between 1850 and 1900, from four thousand to more than twenty thousand."
[...]
Well into the eighteenth century, the majority of bondspeople in the North had either lived or were born in the Caribbean. In New York, which had the North's largest enslaved population, people from the Caribbean continued to outnumber Africans brought directly from the continent. Although those of West Indian origin gained a reputation for rebelliousness after a revolt in New York City in 1712 and although laws placed higher duties on them, the imbalance continued. One estimate puts the ratio of Caribbean to African slaves at three to one between 1715 and 1730. Of captives introduced by New Yorkers between 1715 and 1741, the largest number came from Jamaica, followed by Africa, Barbados, and Antigua.
Caribbean immigrants also figured prominently among the free people of color in the North. Prince Hall, who is believed to be from Barbados, established black freemasonry in the United States and was a distinguished leader of Boston's African-American community during the eighteenth century. (As late as 1860 one in five black Bostonians had been born in the Caribbean islands.) In 1822 Denmark Vesey, who was born in Africa or in the Caribbean and had been enslaved in the Virgin Islands and Saint Domingue, organized an elaborate slave uprising in Charleston, South Carolina; it was eventually uncovered before it could be launched. In 1827 John B. Russwurm of Jamaica and his African-American colleague Samuel E. Cornish started Freedom's Journal, the first black newspaper.
(Caribbean Migration)
The West Indies, including part of Virginia, North Carolina, East Florida, South Carolina, West Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico, with part of the coast of South America: From the Bay of Honduras, to the mouth of the River Oronoko.
Scale ca. 1:6,000,000. Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1713 Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Vault AACR2
www.loc.gov
Being ridiculous to go viral
Part 1)
"*On this date in 1576, we celebrate Afro Venezuelans. This South American community is made up of Venezuelans of African descent. Between 1576 and 1810, 100,000 Africans were kidnapped by Spain and transported across the Atlantic to Venezuela via the transatlantic Middle Passage. These enslaved people belonged to various ethnicities from present-day Angola, Senegal, Gambia, Benin, Nigeria, and the Congo, such as Kalabari, Igbo, Yoruba, Kongo, Wolof, and more."
The Afro Venezuelan Community, a story
"Afro Argentines are celebrated on this date in 1500. They are Argentine people of Sub-Saharan African descent. We chose this date because it is the National Day of Afro Argentines and African Culture.
According to the Argentine national census of 2010, the total population of Argentines was 40,117,096, of whom 149,493 (0.37%) identified as Afro Argentine. The Afro Argentine community resulted from the Middle Passage transatlantic slave trade. In the case of Argentina, the influx of African slaves began in the Rio de la Plata colonies in 1588. Slave traders kidnapped Africans, who were then sold and shipped from West Africa to the Americas and the Caribbean. Trafficking flourished through the port of Buenos Aires when the city allowed English traders to import slaves."
The Afro Argentine Community, a story
"Africans began coming with explorers to Colombia in the first decade of the 16th century. By the 1520s, Africans were imported into Colombia as slaves from the Congo, Angola, Gambia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Liberia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Mali to replace the rapidly declining Native Colombian population. African slaves were forced to work in gold mines, sugar cane plantations, cattle ranches, and large haciendas. African labor was essential in all the regions of Colombia, even until the 20th century."
[...]
"Colombia is considered to have the fourth largest Black African population in the western hemisphere, after Brazil, Haiti, and the United States."
Afro Colombians, a history
Part 2)
"Afro Uruguayans are celebrated on this date in 1500. They are Uruguayans of African descent. For most of the colonial period, the port of Buenos Aires (see Afro Argentines) served as the exclusive entry point for the middle passage in the Río de la Plata region."
[...]
The building of Uruguay and its success hinged on its military, the black militias, and their actions based on African-born populations in the second half of the 18th Century after the abolishment of slavery in1842, a war in the Río de la Plata deployed free black militias. These militias were spread from Paraguay to Montevideo, and African troops were ordered to march beside the Spanish to fight the Guaraní missions on the Uruguay River. Over this mass of land, the black populations made contact and created bonds with the militias.
These interactions allowed more men to join and prolong the development of these associations. African influence in the military was vast, and the militias took in these traditions to celebrate and honor African culture."
The Afro Uruguayan Community, a story
"The Afro Chilean community is celebrated on this date in 1536. They are descendants of Black slaves who were brought to the Americas via the middle passage to Chile."
[...]
Although no economic benefits led to any large importation of African slaves to Chile, roughly 6,000 Africans were transported directly to Chile, where they went into mainly domestic service as a means of status for colonists and as a workforce in the mining of Gold in Arica."
The Afro Chilean Community, a story
"The Afro Ecuadorian community is celebrated on this date in 1553. Also called Afroecuatorianos, they are Ecuadorians of indigenous Sub-Saharan African descent.
Most Afro Ecuadorians are the descendants of enslaved Africans transported by Spanish slavers through the middle passage. In 1553, the first enslaved Africans reached Ecuador in Quito from a slave ship heading to Peru stranded off the Ecuadorian coast. The enslaved Africans escaped and established maroon settlements in Esmeraldas, which became a haven. Many Africans fleeing slave conditions either ran there or had to live there. Eventually, they moved from their traditional homeland and settled everywhere in Ecuador."
The Afro Equadorian Community, a story
"Afro Panamanians are affirmed on this date in 1513. They are Panamanians of African ancestry.
Afro Panamanians descended from slaves brought to Panama during the middle passage. Early Period The first Africans to arrive in Panama came with Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513. Panama was a significant territory because it had the shortest route from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Goods were taken from ports, transported overland to Panama City ports, and boarded ships headed to South America. Initially, indigenous labor was used but was decimated due to abuse and disease. By 1517, the trade in Africans was underway."
The Afro Panamanian Community, a story
"On this date in 1502, we celebrate the Afro-Costa Rican community. They are Costa Rican citizens of African ancestry. History: The first recorded arrival of African descent in Costa Rica came with the Spanish conquistadors through the middle passage. Slave trade was common in all the countries conquered by Spain, and in Costa Rica, the first Black people came from African Equatorial and Western regions. The enslaved people were from the Gambia, Guinea, Ghanaians (Ashanti), Benin, and Sudan. Many of the enslaved people were Yoruba, from Ivory Coast and neighboring Panama."
The Afro Costa Rican Community, a story
"The first organized slavery in Cuba was introduced by Spanish colonialists who attacked and enslaved the island's indigenous people. Cuba's original population was eventually destroyed completely, partly due to lethal forced labor, during the 1500s, and the colonialists needed new slave supplies to uphold their reign and production.
More than a million African slaves were brought to Cuba as part of the Middle Passage; Cuba did not end its participation in the slave trade until 1867. As the slaves outnumbered the European Cubans, many Cubans descended from these African slaves, perhaps as many as 65% of the population."
"Afro Brazilians (afro-brasileiros) are affirmed on this date in 1500. They are Brazilians who have African ancestry.
[...]
The Black Africans brought to Brazil through the Middle Passage belonged to two major communities: The West African and the Bantu people. The West Africans mostly belong to the Yoruba people. Dahomey enslaved and sold large numbers of Yoruba, large of Oyo heritage.
Other slaves belonged to the Fon people and other neighboring ethnic groups. Bantu people were mostly brought from present-day Angola and the Congo, the Shona kingdoms of Zimbabwe, and coastal Mozambique. They were sent on a large scale to Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Northeastern Brazil. Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, Gilberto Freyre noted the major differences between these groups. Some Sudanese peoples, such as Hausa, Fula, and others, were Islamic and spoke Arabic and many of them could read and write in this language.
The Afro Brazilian Community, a story
HarlemHottie
Uptown Thoroughbred
I agree with The King's Monologue's skepticism on DNA and I'll tell you why, but from another direction.
So, wp have on average 1-2% Neanderthal DNA, which is quite a lot when you consider the time scale. The reason it remained so high is because of, essentially, in-breeding. They were basically trading those same percentages over and over amongst themselves.
For us, we have the opposite situation. What appears to have been a TON of mixing, but just for a moment, and then furious, bunny-like forced breeding with new unmixed African or white populations for the next several hundred years. I believe the Native DNA has been bred out, but families still maintain the memory and, sometimes, cultural ties.
I wonder if it would show in autosomal dna?
The black people of South and Central America made up the majority of the black people of the American slave trade, tether.Exactly, so why is there no other Black population in the Americas is making these weird claims? Admixture is one thing, but to claim to always have been in the Americans is something else.
"Landing Negroes at Jamestown from Dutch Man-of-War, 1619," illustration in Harper’s Monthly, 1901, courtesy of Library of Congress. The enslaved Africans depicted in this painting were reportedly the first to arrive in English North America in 1619.
Watercolor painting of southeastern American Indians and an African child, Alexander De Batz, French Louisiana, 1735. French Louisiana demonstrated more fluid race and slavery experiences before the rise of plantations in this region in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
"In Spanish Florida (first settled in 1513), settlers purchased enslaved Africans for various forms of labor, but scholars argue that slavery in this context proved less restrictive. As a military tactic, the Spanish offered freedom to slaves who escaped from their English rivals, particular from the nearby English colonies of Carolina and later Georgia. This led to various free African settlements in Florida composed of runaway slaves. These escaped Africans often intermixed with Seminole American Indians in northern Florida. By the nineteenth century, tensions between African and American Indian Seminoles and the United States government led to a series of violent conflicts called the Seminole Wars (1814-19, 1835-42, 1855-58). A plantation economy based on enslaved labor did not fully form in Florida until it became a part of the United States in the early nineteenth century."
"Maroon Societies is a systematic study of the communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States. These societies ranged from small bands that survived less than a year to powerful states encompassing thousands of members and surviving for generations and even centuries."
Richard Price & Sally Price - Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas edited by Richard Price
Website of Richard and Sally Price, authors of books on Maroon societies and the history and culture of the Caribbean region.www.richandsally.net
"Caribbean immigration to the United States was relatively small during the early nineteenth century but it grew significantly after the Civil War. The foreign-born black population, which was almost wholly Caribbean in origin, increased by 500 percent between 1850 and 1900, from four thousand to more than twenty thousand."
[...]
Well into the eighteenth century, the majority of bondspeople in the North had either lived or were born in the Caribbean. In New York, which had the North's largest enslaved population, people from the Caribbean continued to outnumber Africans brought directly from the continent. Although those of West Indian origin gained a reputation for rebelliousness after a revolt in New York City in 1712 and although laws placed higher duties on them, the imbalance continued. One estimate puts the ratio of Caribbean to African slaves at three to one between 1715 and 1730. Of captives introduced by New Yorkers between 1715 and 1741, the largest number came from Jamaica, followed by Africa, Barbados, and Antigua.
Caribbean immigrants also figured prominently among the free people of color in the North. Prince Hall, who is believed to be from Barbados, established black freemasonry in the United States and was a distinguished leader of Boston's African-American community during the eighteenth century. (As late as 1860 one in five black Bostonians had been born in the Caribbean islands.) In 1822 Denmark Vesey, who was born in Africa or in the Caribbean and had been enslaved in the Virgin Islands and Saint Domingue, organized an elaborate slave uprising in Charleston, South Carolina; it was eventually uncovered before it could be launched. In 1827 John B. Russwurm of Jamaica and his African-American colleague Samuel E. Cornish started Freedom's Journal, the first black newspaper.
(Caribbean Migration)
The West Indies, including part of Virginia, North Carolina, East Florida, South Carolina, West Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico, with part of the coast of South America: From the Bay of Honduras, to the mouth of the River Oronoko.
Scale ca. 1:6,000,000. Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1713 Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Vault AACR2www.loc.gov
Why do I have to spell everything out to you.
I can post pictures from back then too.
Who are these people??
Tpu
Let’s start with when that book “America” was published and the author (so we can analyze the intention).
www.loc.gov
"This history had started with the arrival of a black man. In June 1613, Juan Rodrigues, a free sailor from Hispaniola (in what is today the Dominican Republic) who worked for a Dutch fur trading company, was left on Manhattan Island to trade with Native Americans. He was the first non-indigenous permanent resident of Manhattan and remained the only one until 1621 when the Dutch West India Company (WIC) built a settlement and began introducing African labor."
New York City's Slave Market | The New York Public Library
"Of these enslaved people, only thirty-three were considered ladino, or conversant in Castilian language (and culture). By contrast, forty-six slaves were classified as bozales, the term used to identify African slaves who had recently arrived from their homelands and had little understanding of Spanish society. Footnote 76 Another five were labeled “between bozal and ladino” as if to recognize their increasing, but still limited, familiarity with the colonial scenario. No further information was available for the remainder of the slaves sold in the city, but considering the timeframe, it is safe to say that a majority of them would have been recent African arrivals."
www.cambridge.org
(Cambridge, Early Puebla and the Question of Labor, 1531–1570 (Chapter 1) - Urban Slavery in Colonial Mexico)
“From January 1502 there is evidence of at least one enslaved Black man being sent from Seville to La Española together with two other men, presumably free, to work in the extraction of gold under the orders of a fourth individual who was himself under a contract as a worker for a merchant of Seville.[1] Moreover on September 12th 1502, the Spanish monarchs authorized at least two royal court’s employees to organize a fleet to take provisions to the settlers established in La Española, explicitly allowing the organizers of the expedition to include ‘as many Blacks as they wanted,’ in what seems a clear reference to slaves.[2] According to Carlos Esteban Deive it is not known whether there was actually any shipment of enslaved Blacks made under the permit, but this stands as the first recorded royal license issued to import slaves into La Española.”
Afrodescendencias en México Investigación e Incidencia
See the words "ORIGEN AFRICANO",
"Milton Robinson is pictured in his Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) uniform sitting outdoors on a sunny day. Robinson was born in Kentucky in 1840 and escaped slavery, coming to Indiana to enlist in the Union Army before being sent to Massachusetts. He became a member of the well-known 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry lead by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. The 54th Mass. was organized during the Civil War, the second regiment of African American troops, then known as Colored Troops. Mr. Robinson was a long time resident of Indianapolis after the Civil War and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army. He helped contribute information to Martha Nicholson McKay's book When the Tide Turned in the Civil War."
FIRST AFRICANS of NEW YORK w/ COMPLETE PROOF!
You tell me, you posted pictures without context.The black people of South and Central America made up the majority of the black people of the American slave trade, tether.
Why do I have to spell everything out to you.
I can post pictures from back then too.
Who are these people??
Let’s start with when that book “America” was published and the author (so we can analyze the intention).
- Title: An Indian warrior entering his wigwam with a scalp / Barlow, sc.
- Date Created/Published: [1789]
An Indian warrior entering his wigwam with a scalp
1 print : etching. | Print shows a Native warrior holding a scalp in right hand and a tomahawk in left hand.
www.loc.gov
"This history had started with the arrival of a black man. In June 1613, Juan Rodrigues, a free sailor from Hispaniola (in what is today the Dominican Republic) who worked for a Dutch fur trading company, was left on Manhattan Island to trade with Native Americans. He was the first non-indigenous permanent resident of Manhattan and remained the only one until 1621 when the Dutch West India Company (WIC) built a settlement and began introducing African labor."
New York City's Slave Market | The New York Public Library
"Of these enslaved people, only thirty-three were considered ladino, or conversant in Castilian language (and culture). By contrast, forty-six slaves were classified as bozales, the term used to identify African slaves who had recently arrived from their homelands and had little understanding of Spanish society. Footnote 76 Another five were labeled “between bozal and ladino” as if to recognize their increasing, but still limited, familiarity with the colonial scenario. No further information was available for the remainder of the slaves sold in the city, but considering the timeframe, it is safe to say that a majority of them would have been recent African arrivals."
Early Puebla and the Question of Labor, 1531–1570 (Chapter 1) - Urban Slavery in Colonial Mexico
Urban Slavery in Colonial Mexico - April 2018
www.cambridge.org
(Cambridge, Early Puebla and the Question of Labor, 1531–1570 (Chapter 1) - Urban Slavery in Colonial Mexico)
“From January 1502 there is evidence of at least one enslaved Black man being sent from Seville to La Española together with two other men, presumably free, to work in the extraction of gold under the orders of a fourth individual who was himself under a contract as a worker for a merchant of Seville.[1] Moreover on September 12th 1502, the Spanish monarchs authorized at least two royal court’s employees to organize a fleet to take provisions to the settlers established in La Española, explicitly allowing the organizers of the expedition to include ‘as many Blacks as they wanted,’ in what seems a clear reference to slaves.[2] According to Carlos Esteban Deive it is not known whether there was actually any shipment of enslaved Blacks made under the permit, but this stands as the first recorded royal license issued to import slaves into La Española.”
Ladinos and bozales - First Blacks in The Americas
Ladinos and bozales The Christianized Blacks mentioned in the sixteenth-century documents issued in Spain, La Española and the rest of the Spanish empire were known as ladinos, and the term referred in general to the Blacks who were familiar in general with the religion, cultures, and languages...
firstblacks.org
Afrodescendencias en México Investigación e Incidencia
See the words "ORIGEN AFRICANO",
| Ocia [Ocea] Mace Tyree was born in 1888 in Indianapolis and was the 9th of 11 children born to Charles, a laborer, and Lucy Tyree who were from Tennessee and migrated to Indianapolis in the mid-1870s. Charles Tyree was a veteran of the Civil War from the 14th Regiment of the U.S. Colored Infantry. For a time, the family lived at 421 Hiawatha Street (which is now part of the IUPUI campus). Ocia Tyree died in her youth in 1897. |
"Milton Robinson is pictured in his Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) uniform sitting outdoors on a sunny day. Robinson was born in Kentucky in 1840 and escaped slavery, coming to Indiana to enlist in the Union Army before being sent to Massachusetts. He became a member of the well-known 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry lead by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. The 54th Mass. was organized during the Civil War, the second regiment of African American troops, then known as Colored Troops. Mr. Robinson was a long time resident of Indianapolis after the Civil War and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army. He helped contribute information to Martha Nicholson McKay's book When the Tide Turned in the Civil War."
| In this portrait Jasper Tyree poses in uniform, possibly that of the Spanish American War in which he served. Jasper was born September 20, 1875 and was the 2nd child of Charles and Lucy Jane (Mace) Tyree, who were married on November 14, 1872 in Nashville, Tennessee. Charles served in the 14th Regiment of the U.S. Colored Infantry during the Civil War. Charles, a laborer, and Lucy Tyree were from Tennessee but migrated to Indianapolis in the mid-1870s. They raised their family in Indianapolis and lived for a time at 421 Hiawatha Street. |
| John Garland Valentine Tyree was born on February 14, 1886 in Indianapolis and was the 8th of 11 children born to Charles, a laborer, and Lucy Tyree who were from Tennessee and migrated to Indianapolis in the mid-1870s. Charles Tyree was a veteran of the Civil War from the 14th Regiment of the U.S. Colored Infantry. For a time, the family lived at 421 Hiawatha Street (which is now part of the IUPUI campus). John Tyree was born and raised in Indianapolis and died in 1960 in Chicago. |
FIRST AFRICANS of NEW YORK w/ COMPLETE PROOF!
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Have you ever been to any of these places to connect with these people?
I have a small percentage of Andes as admixture. Up to 2%. The bulk is Nigerian and Sierra Leonean. The remainder is from other continents, outside of Africa, meaning Europe, the Middle East and Asian.
Thatrogueassdiaz
We're on the blood path now
They didnt throw them out. They coexisted for thousands of years.These people threw out all the black civilizations?
That man knows what all Black Virginians and North Carolinians native to this land knows.
Exactly who we are.
I speak so confidently because I’ve never left my homeland.
I was around black people that still practiced their native culture fully before I ever saw Tonto or Pocohontas on tv, tether, and I found it funny that they looked just like me and all the other so called “African-Americas” that I knew as a child in Southern Virginia in the 80s.
Thank god I didn’t grow up a confused transplant in a melting pot trying to figure out the obvious with cracker data.
This is copied from Lipstick Alley.
Ancestry Composition of African Americans
Ancestry Composition of African Americans:...
Where did most of the West-Central Africans brought over to the US came from and from which parts of the US were they sent?
------------------------------------------
In 1641, Massachusetts became the first colony to authorize slavery through enacted law
In 1654, John Casor, a black indentured servant in colonial Virginia, was the first man to be declared a slave in a civil case
During most of the British colonial period, slavery existed in all the colonies. In 1703, more than 42 percent of New York City households held slaves
In South Carolina in 1720, about 65% of the population consisted of enslaved people
In 1735, the Georgia Trustees enacted a law to prohibit slavery in the new colony.
In most regions, during the colonial period when Africans were adapting their cultural patterns to the new environment, they like other people coming to America before 1750 were less likely to be of diverse origins (Eltis et al 2001; Walsh 2001). However, over time people from different regions of Africa arrived, which resulted in the mixing of peoples. Based upon these findings as well as recent archeology of African American sites from the colonial period, historical interpretations of colonial life among Africans need to revisit notions of Africans being unable to communicate with one another, or being randomly distributed in the colonies
NPS Ethnography: African American Heritage & Ethnography
The United States Constitution, adopted in 1787, prevented Congress from completely banning the importation of slaves until 1808, although Congress regulated it in the Slave Trade Act of 1794, and in subsequent Acts in 1800 and 1803.[60] After the Revolution, numerous states individually passed laws against importing slaves. By contrast, the states of Georgia and South Carolina reopened their trade due to demand by their upland planters, who were developing new cotton plantations: Georgia from 1800 until December 31, 1807, and South Carolina from 1804. In that period, Charleston traders imported about 75,000 slaves, more than were brought to South Carolina in the 75 years before the Revolution.[106] Approximately 30,000 were imported to Georgia.
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian Magazine
250,000 new slaves arrived in the United States from 1787 to 1808, a number equal to the entire slave importation of the colonial period.
Throughout the 18th century, approximately three quarters of the Africans arriving in the Upper Chesapeake as well as in the region around the lower James River came from the upper parts of the West African coast, from Senagambia on the north to the Windward and Gold Coasts, an area which included present day Senegal down along the coast ending in the area of present day Ghana (Walsh 2001:31). Most Africans arrived in the lower James area by way of the intra-Atlantic coastal slave trade from the West Indies, which probably accounts for ethnic diversity of Africans enslaved there.
Tobacco Plantations (established in the 1600's)
Rice Plantations (established in the 1700's)
Indigo Plantations (established in the 1700's)
Cotton Plantations (established in the 1800's)
Sugar Plantations (established in the 1800's)
Fewer than 350,000 enslaved people were imported into the Thirteen Colonies and the U.S, constituting less than 5% of all slaves imported from Africa.
cotton was not grown on Southern plantations until 1793
So the large importation of Angolans where late in the 17th Century to lower South Carolina & Georgia, because of King Cotton. This is already late in the game to have a "large affect" on established African American slaves and culture. Slavery would end only 70 years later.
The number of enslaved people in the US grew rapidly, reaching 4 million by the 1860 Census. From 1770 until 1860, the rate of natural growth of North American enslaved people was much greater than for the population of any nation in Europe, and it was nearly twice as rapid as that of England
In 1763 when France ceded Louisiana to the Spanish there were 46,000 African people enslaved there as compared to 36,500 free persons, mostly white (Hall: 1992:29–55). Most of these Africans came from points north of the Windward Coast and many had originally disembarked in St. Domingue (Hall, 1992). As high as these population data seem, the majority of all Africans imported in North America during the colonial period were enslaved in the Chesapeake and Low Country regions. Read more about people enslaved in French America. North of the Windward Coast is in the general area of the Sahel.
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Parts of Southern Europe had African presence. But certainly not all of Europe.This is true though and has been proven
If they coexisted, it means there was a mutual connection and genetic exchange of these groups.
“Transcript
An open le[tt]re to the L[ord] Maiour of London and th’alermen his brethren, And to all other Maiours, Sheryfes, &c. Her Ma[jes]tie understanding that there are of late divers Blackmoores brought into the Realme, of which kinde of people there are all ready here to manie, consideringe howe God hath blessed this land wth great increase of people of our owne Nation as anie Countrie in the world, wherof manie for want of Service and meanes to sett them on worck fall to Idlenesse and to great extremytie; Her Ma[jesty’]s pleasure therefore ys, that those kinde of people should be sent forthe of the lande. And for that purpose there ys direction given to this bearer Edwarde Banes to take of those Blackmoores that in this last voyage under Sir Thomas Baskervile, were brought into this Realme to the nomber of Tenn, to be Transported by him out of the Realme. Wherein wee Req[uire] you to be aydinge & Assysting unto him as he shall have occacion, and thereof not to failed.”
Open letter by Elizabeth I - The National Archives
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/audio/open-letter-by-elizabeth.mp3 Open letter by Elizabeth I to the mayors of England, 11 July 1596 (PC 2/21 f.304) During the Elizabethan period, the employment of Africans became increasingly common in England. They served in wealthy households as...
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
“To the Lord Mayor of London and his officers and all other mayors and sheriffs in the country. Her Majesty, is aware that a lot of blackmoors have been brought to this country at a time when our own population is growing. Many of them need work but without it, turn to idleness and poverty. It is her Majesty’s wish that these kind of people should be sent [deported] out of the country. Edward Banes is to transport out of the country 10 Blackmoors brought into the country by Sir Thomas Baskerville. Everyone is to help him ensure that this happens.”
Source 2 - Elizabeth's Letter - The National Archives
Before you share this source with pupils, please be aware that it uses language that is inappropriate and unacceptable today.
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
A bibliography of royal proclamations of the Tudor and Stuart sovereigns and of others published under authority, 1485-1714 : Crawford, James Ludovic Lindsay, Earl of, 1847-1913. n 50029012 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Issued also under title: Tudor and Stuart proclamations, 1485-1714
archive.org
"The results of the craniometric analysis indicated that the majority of the York population had European origins, but that 11% of the Trentholme Drive and 12% of The Railway study samples were likely of African decent."
(Leach et al. 2009, Migration and diversity in Roman Britain: a multidisciplinary approach to the identification of immigrants in Roman York, England)