Penn State Study From 2021: How West Indians Practiced Housing Discrimination Against Black Americans To Rise In New York City

[Blessings]

you didn’t read the study. it wasn’t up
long enough. i read it thoroughly.

you filtered it through shytty AI to form opinions you yourself couldn’t articulate.

the actual study combined with my own anecdotal experiences supports my claim

areas don’t become 95-100% caribbean without cleansing

violence, terror and horror can be interpreted in many ways

you’re arguing that gentrification itself isn’t a form a ethnic cleansing which it is

due to power imbalances, loss of culturla
identity, displacement, and systemic inequity

all things that happened to black americans at the hands of west indians

Sounds like you've been radicalized by certain folks on Twitter.

 

[HimmyHendrix]

Sounds like you've been radicalized by certain folks on Twitter.

not at all, you lied and said you read a 40 page study in 5 minutes

you highlighted sections, filtered it through Ai, and let it form its own opinions to throw the thread off.

sowing confusion and division as you guys tend to do i’m not surprised

 

[Blessings]

not at all, you lied and said you read a 40 page study in 5 minutes

you highlighted sections, filtered it through Ai, and let it form its own opinions to throw the thread off.

sowing confusion and division as you guys tend to do i’m not surprised

20% to 60% of most the pages are citations.

38 pages....without citation, and white space roughly 10 pages in standard 8.5 x 11

 

[HarlemHottie]

20% to 60% of most the pages are citations.

38 pages....without citation, and white space roughly 10 pages in standard 8.5 x 11

I'm negging you, not because I disagree with you, but for the disgusting over- dependence on AI. I don't come to a fukking forum, intended to foster conversation among humans, to read AI, much less several posts in a row. Yuck.

 

[Barlow]

Yet, Gladwell’s West Indian subjects sought and received jobs in factories where signs were posted stating “Negroes need not apply,” despite being recognizably dark-skinned persons of African descent. Indeed, West Indians were able to get jobs in several lines of work that had previously either been reserved for “whites only” or had been segregated—including porters, elevator operators, nursing aides and so forth.

There were related factors that allowed West Indians to quickly consolidate their gains in these neighborhoods. For example, there appear to have been integration across housing-related businesses, so that West Indian advantages in one line of business carried over to another. For instance, the Paragon Credit Union, which provided mortgage support to Brooklyn-based West Indians (especially Barbadians), received referrals primarily from the Carrington brothers. 176 The same referral process appears to have been
important to the West Indian–founded Victory Insurance Company, which provided insurance for West Indian–owned homes and businesses.177 In addition, Watkins-Owens documents a plethora of far smaller but highly influential West Indian real estate market participants.178 For example, there were hundreds of operators of boarding houses who provided West Indian renters with an early foothold in neighborhoods where they would later become homeowners.179 This was arguably the genesis of the West Indian advantage in home ownership.180

Although “passing” may not explain the West Indian presence in white neighborhoods, Yoshino’s work in the gay civil rights scholarship, reminds us that “passing” has a close cousin, namely, “covering.”51 That is, even if West Indians did not have the option of passing (i.e. masking their underlying identity), they may nevertheless have been "covering." Those who engage in “covering” retain and disclose the underlying identity, “but make it easy for others to disattend.”52 In an arguably related argument in “Working Identity,” Carbado and Gulati assert that many racial minorities “proactively work their identity to avoid discrimination in the first place.” 53 Notably, blacks “work” their identities to negotiate inter-group discrimination (for example, landlords or employers preferring whites over blacks). As importantly, they “work” their identities to negotiate intra-group discrimination (that is landlords or employers preferring some black people over other black people).

We have long known that there are elements of identity that might be classified in the tradition of the social theorists, Goffman and Butler as “performative.” The notion that some West Indian blacks “work” their identities to their benefit (and by extension to exclusion of other blacks, namely, native African Americans) is a quintessentially performative theory.54 Moreover, long before it surfaced in the civil rights scholarship, this point was made (with pointed candor) in real life. West Indians were well known for emphasizing that they were “British subjects”—a phenomenon that has been referred to as “performing Britishness.”55 A. Phillip Randolph, the civil rights leader chastised West Indians for retaining their status as British subjects, as opposed to naturalizing to American citizenship. 56 Randolph’s point was implicit: West Indians were abusing the good graces of Americans by choosing to retain their status as British subjects, even as they enjoyed the benefits of long-term American residency, without taking on the requisite obligations of American citizenship (including civil rights activism). That is, Randolph felt that West Indians believed that they were better off as “British subjects” rather than as “colored” Americans. One could hardly find a better real-life example of a group being accused of performative identity.

As economists have long told us, secure entitlements incentivize effort; commerce increases the payoff from effort even more. 206 The plantocracy implicitly understood this with respect to local food production; they supported informal slave entitlements in plots to grow food and the produce that came from these plots.207 These plots came to be known as “provision grounds,” and the rights that surrounded them looked very much like formal property rights, although the regime was essentially informal. 208 The result was the evolution of a slave culture involving increasingly complex forms of property arrangements—which I have termed in a separate paper “de facto property rights, ” including inheritance-like devices.209 These slaves became what I term “property holders” in waiting.210 Demsetz’s classic paper on property rights argued that “the emergence of new property rights takes place in response to the desires of the interacting persons for adjustment to new benefit-cost possibilities.”211 The thesis is very Demsetzian—property rights emerged for slaves (whonwere themselves property) in response to the demand for them at multiple levels of plantation society.212 Moreover, not only were slaves property
holders; slaves also were contractors, increasingly engaging in commerce; they became the dominant players in the food economy.213

Thus, in the larger islands, the provisioning system was much more extensive. 233 Slaves grew more food and the food markets were more plentiful. There were myriad cash crops that would allow for slaves to accumulate assets. Moreover, since manumission was ongoing (certainly up to the beginning of Apprenticeship), there were real incentives to accumulate cash.234 The bottom line: in the larger islands like Jamaica and Guyana, slaves were more likely to have cash because they had been serious market participants for some time.235

I just read the whole paper.

TLDR

West Indians chose to leave the islands and brought with them cash and homeowner "skills" they acquired in the islands with them. They acquired these assets because back in their homeland their cacs allowed them to somewhat own land and sell the goods that grew on them during slavery. So when they got here they used their history of dealing with cacs to persuade some into selling to them. For the ones without money they were able to get around whites and were primarily helped and sold to by the West Indians with money.

Thus, in the housing market, West Indians are more appropriately analogized perhaps to Italian, Irish, or Jewish New Yorkers than to African Americans.124
One might think of West Indians as modern equivalents of Maghribi Jews.249 Rules from a different place and time—allowed them to bust racial cartels in New York—decades, indeed centuries later.

bumboclat

 

[Barlow]

thecoli ignoring this because

1. they don't like reading
2.

 

[Voice of Reason]

They used to call the Jamaicans in Harlem during that time Jew-maicans


OP is correct they were able to leverage the wealth from there homelands to get homes and businesses started in the US.

 

[MerCrimmuh]

@HimmyHendrix is definitely an operative. A low paid one I'm sure, at least mix up your conversations that are always trying to divide black people.

 

[Voice of Reason]

@HimmyHendrix is definitely an operative. A low paid one I'm sure, at least mix up your conversations that are always trying to divide black people.

Talking about wealth disparities is not "dividing" people its the truth. The Carribeans that came to this country in the early 1900s had wealth that ADOS/FBA people did not and we see that in the outcomes of their descendants to this day.

 

[Pull Up the Roots]

Your thread title is completely misleading. The paper doesn't say West Indians practiced housing discrimination against African Americans, it actually says the opposite. It argues that West Indians disrupted white racial housing cartels and created access to property for Black people in general, not that they blocked it.
What is your motivation here with your lies and your constant running interference for white supremacy?

 

[Pull Up the Roots]

@HimmyHendrix is definitely an operative. A low paid one I'm sure, at least mix up your conversations that are always trying to divide black people.

Yep, dude is obvious agent.

https://www.thecoli.com/threads/sohh-uncouth-savage-exposed-that-lastsecondruger-is-claiming-different-gangs.1039169/post-55636851

 

[Voice of Reason]

Your thread title is completely misleading. The paper doesn't say West Indians practiced housing discrimination against African Americans, it actually says the opposite. It argues that West Indians disrupted white racial housing cartels and created access to property for Black people in general, not that they blocked it.
What is your motivation here with your lies and your constant running interference for white supremacy?

Now you are lying the study basically says that whites saw Caribbean's as different from ADOS and were not as discriminatory against them.

They were basically a buffer class the same way the Chinese were a buffer class in the Delta in Sinners.


Tell the truth!

You folks expect "unity" while telling lies?

 

[Pull Up the Roots]

Now you are lying the study basically says that whites saw Caribbean's as different from ADOS and were not as discriminatory against them.

They were basically a buffer class the same way the Chinese were a buffer class in the Delta in Sinners.


Tell the truth!

You folks expect "unity" while telling lies?

You know better than to quote me, you shyt-for-brains idiot. I didn't tell a single lie there. Go suck Tariq's dikk.

My great-grandparents were slaves, my great-grandmother was a slave on the Callaway Plantation. My fraternal grandmother grew up on that plantation, lived to see 91, and regularly told us stories about it. I'm a Black American. I verified that I'm Black. You're a moron and a troll who doesn't know how to think for themselves, and referees to Black youth as "low IQ crack babies." Stop quoting me.

 

[HimmyHendrix]

Now you are lying the study basically says that whites saw Caribbean's as different from ADOS and were not as discriminatory against them.

They were basically a buffer class the same way the Chinese were a buffer class in the Delta in Sinners.


Tell the truth!

You folks expect "unity" while telling lies?

they can’t help themselves

the study literally says they went out of their way to let whites know they weren’t us and kept wealth inside of west indian enclaves

 

[HimmyHendrix]

West Indians chose to leave the islands and brought with them cash and homeowner "skills" they acquired in the islands with them. They acquired these assets because back in their homeland their cacs allowed them to somewhat own land and sell the goods that grew on them during slavery. So when they got here they used their history of dealing with cacs to persuade some into selling to them. For the ones without money they were able to get around whites and were primarily helped and sold to by the West Indians with money.


bumboclat

THANK YOU DAMN