The bolded part is all conjecture so Im gonna ignore this especially because Jews are referred to as the Chosen people in the Quran.
and Muslims bowing to Mecca has nothing to do with Jews, Muslims controlled Jerusalem throughout history but have never bowed towards it.
The correct translation of that hadith you quoted is this
It was narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say, ‘T
he Jews will fight you and you will prevail over them, then a rock will say, “O Muslim, here is a Jew behind me, (come and) kill him.”’” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, no. 3593).
The authenticity of the hadeeth about fighting the Jews - islamqa.info
The hadith you quoted is a prophecy that predicts a war between Muslims and Jews (which the Muslims do not instigate) that predate the day of Judgement. It says nothing about how a Muslim should conduct himself with Jews, it is a prophecy and treated as such.