Nope.
Islamic culture, or more precisely Arab Islamic culture is ferociously tribal. That's been their downfall for centuries and continues to be their downfall today. This tribal instinct is why Islam is such an authoritative religion. It's meant to overcome virulent tribal fractiousness. The history of the various Caliphates also tends to go through long periods of anti-intellectualism.
Catholicism has never been as involved in literacy as all that. For a long time, being Catholic meant literacy for a core elite and nobody else. It wasn't until the bible started getting printed in native languages in the Protestant movement that people really started reading it and shyt.
The fact that Jews "kept people out of their ethnicity" doesn't explain why they were able to succeed at anything. It just means there aren't as many Jews, which would work to their disadvantage.
The Jews are not smarter than Muslims and Christians, period. The difference is, is that they have sold the belief to people that they are "different/special" and people in America buy into it. Also, Jews had political positions during the Islamic Caliphate as well, were allowed to have their own courts, and sometimes got treated better than in Europe. Despite their positions in the Muslim World, they didn't take over it. So that also refutes your belief that their job positions and status is why they run shyt in the US. The real difference is that it worked well for them in America world because Christians perceived them as the "chosen people". Whereas in the Islamic World, people don't really deify or look up to Jews. In Islam, Abraham prayed for God to bless his progeny, and God sent prophets to every ethnicity but gave Israel a special gift which was that they received a continual chain of prophets until they rejected some including the last one (Jesus/Isa). In Islam, their "favor" from God was not because of some "racial superiority", it was a gift of receiving multiple prophets because of Abraham whereas every other tribe/nation got one prophet. Whereas in the American Christian world, the chosen people thing was taken to further more extreme lengths where you literally have people deifying Jews like they are some master race and basically let them walk over people in ways that they were never let to walk over people in the Islamic World.
And why are you keened in on Arabs so much though? 20% of Muslims are Arab, 80% are not, the original followers of Muhammad were a mixture of Arabs with many Ethiopians in the mix. One of his famous immediate followers was also a Persian man. The last caliphate was ran by the Turks not Arabs. There are many important Muslim dynasties that are non-Arab such as the Seljuk Turks, Sokoto Africans, Almoravid Berbers, the Pashtun kingdoms in Afghanstan, the Mughals in India, etc. And no Islam is not anti-intellectual, a lot of the historical documents were kept by Muslims and parts of the world which were mostly oral didn't become literate till Muslims. A lot of things were invented by both Muslims an Christians people just dont be taking about it, Jews talk about their accomplishments more because they have to make sure others knows they are "special".