Thanks for this. My post was general for time and effort reasons and you got more specific which I appreciate. To address your points:
Just an overall comment a lot of your reasons why things are the way they are in a given category is due to politicians lack of political will. They do what they want and pander for votes that's why people are disillusioned.
1. Yeah, I think we currently collect enough taxes to afford it it's just not a priority.
2. Good point about the Supreme Court. It is a pipe dream.
4. The Geopolitics issues are complicated but the reason is again lack of political will they are doing shyt no one even asked them to pols on both sides, which make our foreign policy the way it is. Not saying we are unique in this but in many ways we are the leader in that arena.
5. There are all types of exemptions and incentive programs that just complicate shyt and make it unfair. How do ud mulit million/billion companies go fiscal years without paying federal income tax?
1) Just to be clear, the issues you mention isn't always due to a lack of political will, but it's about a lack of political recourse. The problem is that we end up making some of the bad politicians pay in the general instead of the primary (see: AOC ousting Joe Crowley in NY-14 as an example of a successful primary). There's greater consequence of making flawed politicians pay in the general election (see: Trump).
2) I'd look up some of the overall costs around single payer before saying that for certainty. Not that I'm against single payer, but it would add more of a greater context to your argument.
Additionally, republican grifter groups have been trying as hard as possible to gut out the ACA. Imagine them trying to go after single payer via the courts. There are a bunch of rogue appeals courts in the US (i.e. 5th circuit) which effectively have tried to overturn things that seem like common sense ideas (i.e. student loans, immigration, voting rights, abortion, etc.). These grifter groups go court shopping to the 5th circuit knowing that they'll create a legal fight towards good policy.
The only way to overcome this is by fiat rule, but good luck with that. You have to hope people in these rogue circuits die, but keep in mind that Trump appointed more than 230 judges, including 3 rogue Supreme Court justices that may overrule anything that's good. Some grifter group will say a $20 minimum wage is against a random clause of the Constitution, fight it thru the Supreme Court, and win.
If we want to know why there's no progress, look at the above and connect the dots.
3) I was moreso looking for specific examples of exemptions and incentive programs Democrats have passed. I know a bunch of what the Republicans have passed that look totally unfair -> just look at the previous tax reform bill.
As for going years without paying federal income tax? Look at complicated legal entity structures & concepts such as Net Operating Losses. Most of the way the tax schemes are constructed were established in 1954 (Dwight Eisenhower was president) and 1986 (Reagan). The concept of Net Operating Losses haven't been touched for obvious reasons (it helps startups).
I'd suggest pointing out specific programs passed by either Democrats or Republicans that seem unfair rather than saying why both sides are bad.
4) I think the overall struggle is that unless it's giving money to families, most forms of social or economic progress in this country will be incremental. Almost no progress is instant. Trump fooled a lot of his voters into saying he could fix everything instantly, but even he couldn't.