One of my FAVORITE books is
"Decolonising The Mind" by Ngugi Wa'Thiongo. He's a Kenyan author, but he speaks in this book about his education experience... I'd imagine the experience was similar in Nigeria and elsewhere:
English became the language of my formal education. In Kenya, English became more than a language: it was the language, and all others had to bow before it in deference. Thus, one of the most humiliating experiences was to be caught speaking Gikuyu in the vicinity of the school. The culprit was given corporal punishment -- three to five strikes of the cane on bare buttocks -- or was made to carry a metal plate around the neck with inscriptions such as I AM STUPID or I AM A DONKEY. Sometimes the culprits were fined money they could hardly afford. And how did the teachers catch the culprit? A button was initially given to one pupil who was supposed to hand it over to whoever was caught speaking his mother tongue. Whoever had the button at the end of the day would sing who had given it to him and the ensuing process would bring out all the culprit of the day. The children were turned into witchhunterss and in the process being taught the lucrative value of being a traitor to one's immediate community.
. . .
Selections from primary into secondary were through an examination, in my time called Kenya African Preliminary Examination, in which one had to pass six subjects ranging from Maths to Nature Study and Kiswahili. All the papers were written in English. Nobody could pass the exam who failed the English language paper no matter how brilliantly he had done in the other subjects. I remember one boy in my class of 1954 who had distinctions in all subjects except English, which he had failed. He was made to fail the entire exam. He went on to become a turn boy in a bus company. I who had only passes but a credit in English got a place at the Alliance High School, one of the most elitist institutions in colonial Kenya. The requirements for a place at the University, Makerere University College, were broadly the same: nobody could go on to wear the undergraduate red down, now matter how brilliantly they had performed in all the other subjects unless they had a credit -- not even a simple pass! -- in English. Thus the most coveted place in the pyramid and in the system was only available to the holder of an Englih language credit card. English was the official vehicle and the magic formula to colonial elitedom.