Artistic credibility
The content of
Illmatic is also informed by notions of
artistic authenticity.
[27] The promotional press sheet that accompanied the album's release implied Nas’s refusal to conform to commercial trends, stating: “While it's sad that there's so much frontin' in the rap world today, this should only make us sit up and pay attention when a rapper comes along who's not about milking the latest trend and running off with the loot.”
[20] At the time of the album's release, the hip hop community was embroiled in a debate about artistic authenticity and commercialism in popular music.
[27] Rapper
Common, describes in the
preface to
Born to Use Mics: Reading Nas's Illmatic the concerns that were felt by him and his contemporaries: “It was that serious for so many of us. We didn’t just grow up with hip hop; we grew up with hip-hop as hip-hop was also growing, and so that made for a very close and intimate relationship that was becoming more and more urgent – and we felt it. Our art was being challenged in many ways as the moneymen began to sink their teeth into us.”
[22]
Guthrie Ramsay Jr. argues that Nas “set a benchmark for rappers in an artistic field consumed by constantly shifting notions of 'realness', authenticity, and artistic credibility."
[30] Sohail Daulatzai writes: "Though
Illmatic was highly anticipated release, far from under the radar, Nas's taking it back to 'the dungeons of rap' was…a kind of exorcism or purging ('where fake nikkas don’t make it back') that was at the very least trying to claim a different aesthetic of resistance and rebellion that was all too aware of hip-hop's newfound mainstream potential."
[27]
Lyricism
During the time of its release,
Illmatic brought a renewed focus on lyricism to hip hop—hearkening back to the heyday of
Kool G Rap,
Big Daddy Kane, and
Rakim.
[5][14] Music journalist
Kelefa Sanneh of
The New York Times wrote of
Illmatic, stating that Nas "perfected a dense, rat-a-tat rhyme style that built upon the legacy of 1980s pioneers like Rakim and Big Daddy Kane."
[88] In his book
To the Break of Dawn: A Freestyle on the Hip Hop Aesthetic,
William Jelani Cobb writes of Nas' impact on lyricism and the comparisons to eminent rapper Rakim at the time:
Nas, the poetic sage of the Queensbridge projects, was hailed as the second coming of Rakim—as if the first had reached his expiration date. [...] Nas never became 'the next Rakim,' nor did he really have to.
Illmatic stood on its own terms. The sublime lyricism of the CD, combined with the fact that it was delivered into the crucible of the boiling East-West conflict, quickly solidified [his] reputation as the premier writer of his time.
[111]
Despite its initial low sales, the album had a profound impact on the hip hop underground circuit, and marked a major stylistic change in hip hop music by introducing a new standard of lyricism.
[38] Before the album's release, hip-hop lyricism was mostly defined by two popular forms. One was characterized by a fast-paced
ragga-flow accompanied with a whimsical, often
nonsensical lyrical delivery, and had been popularized by the
Brooklyn-based groups
Das EFX and
The Fu-Schnickens.
[112] The other was characterized by a slurred "lazy drawl" that sacrificed lyrical complexity for clarity and
rhythmic cadence, and was exemplified by West Coast hip hop emcees including
Snoop Doggy Dogg and
Warren G.
[113] However, Nas' content, verbal pace, and intricate
internal rhyme patterns inspired several rappers to modify their lyrical abilities.
[5][14] Music critic Rob Marriott notes, "[R]appers like Mobb Deep,
Tragedy Khadafi,
Nature, Cormega, Noreaga, Capone, Raekwon, Ghostface, and even the
Windy City wordsmith Common seemed to find new inspiration in Nas' self awareness, internal rhyme schemes, and mastery of street detail."
[51] Marriott also describes the impact of
Illmatic's "poetic approach" on
Jay-Z, writing: "The Brooklyn MC switched his style up from his fast-talking
Jaz-O days enough to produce
Reasonable Doubt, an album marked by Nas-like introspection..."
[51]
Many rappers have taken note of
Illmatic's influence on their lyricism. Ghostface Killah recounted, “When I used to listen to Nas back in the days, it was like, ‘Oh shyt! He murdered that.’ That forced me to get my pen game up ... The whole
Illmatic album forced you to go ahead and do shyt ... It was inspiration."
[114] Detroit rapper
Elzhi states, "[A]round the time Nas did
Illmatic, it made me wanna step my game up ... He's one of the reasons I did go off into storytelling because his pictures were so vivid. When he displayed his rhyme schemes and his
word play and his songs, it made me wanna create visual pictures as well."
[115] Casey Veggies also recounts the impact Nas' lyricism had on his own work as an
underground rapper in the 2000s: “I [got into]
Illmatic when I was 14, 15. I didn’t get onto to it till late, but when I did, that's probably the only thing I listened to for six months to a year ... After I got heavy on
Illmatic, I put out
Sleeping In Class (2010). That's when I really tried to sharpen my skills and get better.”
[116]
Hip-Hop poetry
According to author and poet Kevin Coval, Nas “raise[d] the bar for MCs” by advancing his lyricism “from punch lines and hot lines to whole thought pictures manifest in rhyme form.” Together with
Paul Beatty’s seminal collection of poems,
Joker Joker Deuce (1994) Coval cites the release of
Illmatic as a "generational moment" that marked the development of hip hop poetry.
[26] Just as hip-hop poetics were being written and published for the first time on paper, Nas provided a sonic production that definitively captured "the poetic response" to hip hop music.
[26] “It is from this point on,” he writes, “that
style,
technique and craft merge with
collage/
pastiche,
braggadocio, stark portrait-painting from the margins, frenetic, fun and funny
wordplay, and the rupture of linear
storytelling schemes. These become
tropes in a burgeoning school of
American letters that's moving toward an aesthetics of hip-hop poetics."
[26]
Many of the poetic tropes found in
Illmatic have also become terms and phrases within hip-hop
lexicon.
[51] "'The World Is Yours,' Nas' reference to the blimp in
Scarface," writes Rob Marriott, "has remained a trope hip-hop has taken to heart ... Even the word "Illmatic" itself [...] became synonymous with anything surprisingly excellent, street-born and/or out of left field."
[51] In 2013, music writer Jeff Weiss commented on the extensive vernacular usage of
Illmatic, writing: "The phrases and images are so deeply rooted in rap consciousness to have become
cliché. Over the last 19 years, a million secret handshakes and
scratched hooks have been executed to lines from
Illmatic."
[20]
Hip-Hop debates
Illmatic has also helped to shape the attitudes and perceptions of hip hop fans, who cherish it as a music template that defines the genre's conventions. As music critic Jeff Weiss writes, “
Illmatic is the
gold standard that
boom-bap connoisseurs refer to in the same way that
Baby Boomers talk about
Highway 61 Revisited. The evidence they point to when they want to say: this is how good it can be.”
[20] New York Times columnist Jon Caramanica also credits the album with inadvertently spawning hip hop's
counterculture. "
Illmatic" he writes, "mobilized a national network of dissidents craving something true to the streets but eager to distance themselves from what was beginning to be perceived as a scourge –
gangster rap." According to Caramanica, Nas' debut was received by these fans as a "rebuke" towards trends that were beginning to shape mainstream rap: "the pop crossover, the exuberant production values, [and] the splintering of rap into
blithe and concerned wings."
[27]
'